1. Exploring The Universe
Test Review

2. 1. Draw and label the phases of the moon Explain what causes them.
New moon
Waxing Crescent
1st quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full moon
Waning Gibbous
3rd quarter
Waning Crescent

3. 1. Draw and label the phases of the moon Explain what causes them.
The moons phases are caused by it’s revolutions around the Earth (and therefore the part of it which we see).

4. 2. Explain why it is colder at the North Pole than the Equator
The energy from sunlight is more direct and concentrated at the equator
sun

5. Spring tide High tides are higher and low tides are lower
3. Draw and label neap and spring tides What are the phases of the moon are related to each? Explain the affect on tides caused by spring and neap tides
Spring tide
sun
Earth
New moon
full moon
High tides are higher and low tides are lower

6. 3. Draw and label neap and spring tides What are the phases of the moon are related to each? Explain the affect on tides caused by spring and neap tides
Neap tide
Third Quarter
Sun
Earth
First Quarter
High tides and low tides similar in height

7. 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Black hole
Super Giant
Super nova
Main Sequence Star
Nebula
Neutron star
Giant
Proto Star
Red Giant
Black Dwarf
White
Dwarf

8. Nebula: A giant cloud of gas of dust
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Nebula: A giant cloud of gas of dust

9. protostar: as the nebula condenses down
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
protostar: as the nebula condenses down
due to gravity, the center begins to heat up

10. Main Sequence Star: Regular star,
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Main Sequence Star: Regular star,
burns for millions of years. Most stars fall in
this category.

11. Red Giant: as a star runs our of fuel,
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Red Giant: as a star runs our of fuel,
the outter layers begin to “swell and escape.”

12. White Dwarf: Medium and smaller stars
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
White Dwarf: Medium and smaller stars
lose those outter layers and all that is left is
a glowing white-hot core of the old star.

13. Black Dwarf: the cooled-down remains of a white dwarf.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Black Dwarf: the cooled-down
remains of a white dwarf.

14. Super Nova: Large stars ultimately explode into a massive super nova.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Super Nova: Large stars ultimately explode
into a massive super nova.

15. Neutron star: The remaining, pulsating
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Neutron star: The remaining, pulsating
dense core left after a super-nova explosion.

16. Black Hole: The largest of all super novas
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase description of what is going on at each stage.
Black Hole: The largest of all super novas
result in a remaining core so dense and
with so much gravity that not even light
can escape it’s pull!

17. 5. Explain what a light year is and why it is used.
The distance light travels in a year.
It is used because distances in space are so large that we can’t realistically measure them in meters or kilometers.

18. A galaxy is a giant structure that contains
6. What is a galaxy?
A galaxy is a giant structure that contains
dust, gasses and hundreds of billions of
stars.

19. 7. Draw and label the three types of galaxies
spiral elliptical irregular
(like our
galaxy, the
Milky Way)

20. 8. Draw the type of galaxy our solar system is found in and label the place where our solar system is found.
THE MILKY WAY!!!

21. 8. Continued: Draw the type of galaxy our solar system is found in and label the place where our solar system is found.
The Halo

22. The Big Bang Theory states that the universe began with an enormous
9. Describe the Big Bang Theory and the evidence that supports it.
The Big Bang Theory states that
the universe began with an enormous
explosion about 10 to 15 billion years
ago. One of the evidences is the
“red shift” of stars moving away from us.
Tracing their paths backwards allows
scientists to estimate the “starting point”
and how long ago the Big Bang occurred.

23. Note the planets circling the sun while the moon is circling Earth!
10. Diagram our solar system showing the relative motions of the sun, moon, earth and at least one inner and one outer planet
the moon is right here!
Note the planets circling the sun while
the moon is circling Earth!

24. The universe is everything everywhere.
11. How are the follwing thing related: galaxy, planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in order from largest to smallest.
The universe is everything everywhere.
The universe contains many (billions!)
of galaxies!
A galaxy is made up of billions of stars.
One such star system is our solar system.
Planets circle the stars. Most likely, there
are lots-n-lots of planets out there…we are
just starting to discover them!

25. Largest Universe Galaxy Solar System Planet Smallest
11. How are the follwing thing related: galaxy, planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in order from largest to smallest.
Largest
Universe
Galaxy
Solar System
Planet
Smallest

26. The four main groups on the HR Diagram
12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
super giants
giants
m a i n s e q u e n c e
white dwarfs
The four main groups on the HR Diagram
are the white dwarfs, giants, super giants
and main sequence.

27. The HR Diagram shows the relationship
12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
B R I G H T N E S S
T E M P E R A T U R E
The HR Diagram shows the relationship
between temperature, brightness and color.

28. The HR Diagram shows the relationship
12. What are the four main groups of stars on the HR diagram? What does the HR Diagram compare/graph (three things)? What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
B R I G H T N E S S
BRIGHTER
HOTTER
T E M P E R A T U R E
The HR Diagram shows the relationship
between temperature, brightness and color.

29. Apparent Magnitude – the brightness of a star as seen from earth.
13. What are apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude? Give some examples (made up stars are ok) and compare them.
Apparent Magnitude – the brightness of a star as
seen from earth.
Absolute Magnitude – the actual brightness of a
star as compared to other stars when they are all
viewed from the same distance.

30. The yellow star appears much “brighter” to me
13. What are apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude? Give some examples (made up stars are ok) and compare them.
The yellow star appears much “brighter” to me
because it is so much closer to earth. If I could
put them the same distance away, I would
discover that the red star is actually much brighter!

31. Mass – A measure of how much matter an
14. What is the difference between weight and mass?
Mass – A measure of how much matter an
object contains. It is a property of the object and
not affected by gravity. Your mass is the same,
no matter where you are in the universe!
Weight – The resulting force of the gravitational
pull on an object. You will weigh less on the moon
because there is less gravity….and more on the
sun because there is more gravity…