1. Safety Case Human Factors Integration VIEW FROM THE COALFACE www.adwheatley.com This presentation was delivered at the IEHF – HFI in the Nuclear Industry Event – 9 th November 2015 © A.D. Wheatley

2. FOCUS The View from the Top The Problem Space The Vision The Reality Hindsight The Challenges The Opportunities The Horizon

3. THE VIEW FROM THE TOP A Huge Project Safety Case split into four phases Eleven buildings under one roof Hundreds of labourers Hundreds of engineers Tens of Assurance Personnel ?? Human Factors Where do we fit in?

4. THE PROBLEM SPACE Human Factors Integration on a Massive Safety Case Integration across Safety Case Phases Integration with Engineering - Phases / Lifecycle Integration with Assurance Deterministic / Conservative / Best Estimate Quantitative / Probabilistic Qualitative ALARP

5. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability Safety Requirements drive the development of Manual or Engineered Systems / Safeguards Manual tasks rely on an optimised working environment to be effective Engineered / automated systems rely on Supervision, Inspection and Maintenance to ensure they perform on demand Complex systems need to be operated or supervised Automated systems need to be maintained EHF seek to optimise the task & working environment Opportunity and probability of Human Error is minimised Any claims on Operators or Maintainers to maintain a Safe environment is underpinned by solid Ergonomic System design

6. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability Assurance assess the potential shortfalls in the Capability / Engineered Systems to maintain safety

7. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability EHF support engineering in optimising the Operability, Recoverability and Maintainability of the System within the Working Environment Assurance assess the potential shortfalls in the capability of Engineered systems to maintain safety.

8. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability EHF support engineering in optimising the Operability, Recoverability and Maintainability of the System within the Working Environment Assurance assess the potential shortfalls in the capability of Engineered systems to maintain safety HRA draws on PSFs and EPCs that rely on optimised EHF design

9. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability EHF support engineering in optimising the Operability, Recoverability and Maintainability of the System within the Working Environment Assurance assess the potential shortfalls in the capability of Engineered systems to maintain safety HRA draws on PSFs and EPCs that rely on optimised EHF design Shortfalls in Engineered Safety Measures place claims on Operators and Maintainers Probabilistic Safety Assessment requires Human Reliability Assessment

10. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability We are not Occupational Health & Safety. The TA / HEI can help you understand user needs and identify where operators are most likely to make mistakes, therefore target where to focus HF support to Engineering Crossover Message to Engineering

11. ENGINEERING ASSURANCE Ergonomics Human Reliability We’re not just here to do HRA. By getting the basic Ergonomics right, Operators are less likely to make mistakes Crossover Message to Assurance

12. noise temperature humidity HMI simplicity space feedback task salience lighting fatigue physiological stress visibility time pressure training shift patterns teamwork understanding workload stress experience risk perception Environmental Design Workplace / Task Design Physiological Demands Psychological Factors Organisational Factors Maintenance Hazard IE SM1 SM2 SM3

13. THE REALITY Huge Complexity No one person can know everything Layers of middle management and integration teams Subcontracting Transient Personnel Unavoidable Time and Cost constraints ALARP

14. HINDSIGHT What we got right: EHFA Focus on TA & HEI The HFIP Integrity Need to improve: Optioneering Requirements Issue Tracking / Recommendations / Actions Design House Integration

15. CHALLENGES Engineering Overcoming the ‘them and us’ culture – achieving true HFI ‘We’ve been making these for years’ Assurance Focus on Engineered Systems Appreciation / consideration of administrative systems (until needed) Conventional vs Nuclear Safety

16. CHALLENGES Human Factors Understanding complexity that has evolved over many years Avoiding analysis fatigue The far side of human performance Hand-cranks Movement Speeds Push-pull forces Lift-lower forces Slips/trips/falls Violations

17. OPPORTUNITIES Changing Attitudes and Behaviours Consistency of HF across the whole supply chain Early Design House Engagement Bringing together TA / HEI / MFD / MSD / PFS etc. Research into Human Extremes Violations Tracking issues / recommendations / actions Task & Error Analysis Requirements and VVRM Learning from Experience Are we?

18. THE HORIZON Culture of True Integration Attitudes & Behaviours Provision of a support service Facilitators AND Gatekeepers Problem Identification AND Problem Resolution Assessment AND Substantiation