1. Medieval Europe Fall of Rome to 1347 Day 1

2. Medieval Europe 476 622 721 793 10951200 1347 Rome Falls Islam Begins Battle of Chalons Vikings sack abbey on Lindisfarne -Feudalism Begins Pope Urban II calls for First Crusade Gothic Era in Architecture Black Death reaches Sicily Era of Feudalism, Chivalry, Catholicism

3. Fall of Rome Roman Empire 753 BC - 476AD Absorbed multiple civilizations including Hellenistic Greece –Law, democracy, technology, stoic culture, architecture and art Disseminated Greco-Roman Culture throughout Western Europe Provided stability for trade, commerce, learning Empire began decline in 180 AD –Slave-based economy, loss of Roman stoic values, spread of Christianity, lack of order of succession, barbarian invasions Fall of Rome – 476 AD

4. The Dark Ages 476-800 Period between fall of Rome and coronation of Charlemagne Characterized by –Lack of central authority Barbarian invasions –Goths, Germans, Huns, Gauls, Pics, Scots, Celts –Commerce, trade, learning greatly slowed (in Europe)

5. Rise of Islam Began in 622 –Mohammed lead followers from Mecca to Medina Followers believe Mohammed was “The Prophet” to whom Angel Gabriel had revealed Allah Recorded orally and then in Quran Golden Age –Islamic Empire spread from Arabian Peninsula across northern Africa to Iberian Peninsula First modern hospital's, first degree program, R & D program Spread halted in 732 at Battle of Chalons, France Western Europe would be dominated by Christianity

6. Viking Invasions Began in 793 in Scotland, England, and Ireland Spread to northern France, Russia, Denmark, Sicily, Iceland Viking motives unclear –Lack of arable land, lack of females, “Youth bulge” in population, revenge against Charlemagne’s forced conversions Impact –Most Vikings settled in new lands –But Fear of attack lead Europeans to adopt the Feudal System Save us, oh Lord, from the Fury of the Northmen!

7. Medieval Political Structure 800-1450 Feudalism- –Decentralized & localized government of the Middle Ages –Local lord promised land to warriors in return for military service –Lords promised protection to peasants (serfs) in return for their labor, obedience –No central ruler, code of law, standing army –IE. No sovereign State Chivalry –Code of conduct by which knights (warriors) lived

8. Medieval Economic System Manorial System –local, self sufficient economic system –Overwhelmingly agrarian –Usually composed of a town, surrounding villages, farmland, forests –Owned by a Lord Open-field system –Communal method of dividing land between families into strips Guild –Craft union –Manufacturing sector of medieval economy –Controlled prices, quality, training –Erected barriers to enter artisanship

9. The Catholic Church Matrix of medieval life Governed birth, death, marriage, cooking, sex, … A comforter, protector, physician Promoted idea that man was inherently sinful and depraved Provided salvation from “eternal damnation” –7 Sacraments Controlled architecture, art –Gothic Exerted political & economic power –Crowned Kings –Promoted Feudalism –Usury Laws –Tithes Promoted expected social behavior –Chivalry, “Peace of God” Controlled Education –Scholasticism

10. ÁSt. Francis’ Rule Approved ÁGiotto Á1288-92? ÁTempera on wood and ground gold. Late Medieval Art

11. The Crusades Religious Wars between European Christians and Muslims (1095- 1200s) Apex of Catholic Church’s power Pope Urban II (1095) –Calls on Catholics to retake Jerusalem from Muslims and rescue Constantinople –Ulterior motives?

12. Impact of the Crusades Marked apex of power for Church Exposed Europeans to a more advanced culture Opened up trade with the East Ultimately weakened Church Power –Children’s Crusade