1. CONTRACEPTION

2. PREGNANCY BASICS Sperm vs Semen: Sperm is a male reproductive cell. Semen is the fluid that carries the sperm. Fertility: The ability to get pregnant or to get someone pregnant. Typically, a woman can get pregnant 2-7 days a month.

3. THE BODY

4. EFFECTIVENESS The effectiveness of the: contraception shot pill patch ring condom fertility awareness-based methods all depends on correct and consistent use.

5. DEFINITIONS TO KNOW Perfect use – When a birth control method is used correctly & consistently as directed. Typical use – How the birth control method is being used in actual use … sometimes incorrectly and inconsistently.

6. MALE CONDOM

7. Worn by the man, a male condom keeps sperm from getting into a woman’s body. Typical use failure rate: 18 % STI protection: Limited

8. MALE CONDOM Condoms are not to be used around oil-based lubricants such as massage oils, baby oils, lotions, or petroleum jelly. Condoms can only be used once. Condoms can break or tear.

9. MALE CONDOM Positives: Inexpensive Not hard to find Negatives: Must kept cool and dry. [not in a wallet or a car] There are 7-10 steps of correct condom usage. Must be used correctly and consistently to be effective.

10. IMPLANT

11. The implant is a single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of a women’s upper arm. The rod is effective for 3 years. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 0.05% STI protection: None

12. IMPLANT Positives: Most women have fewer, lighter periods. Don't have to worry about remembering to take it every day. Birth control is taken care of for up to 3 years. Can be used while breastfeeding. May improve PMS and depression. Negatives: Irregular bleeding Acne Change in appetite Ovarian cysts Depression Dizziness Hair loss Headache Nausea Nervousness

13. ORAL CONTRACEPTION (THE PILL)

14. THE PILL Also called “the pill”. It is prescribed by a doctor. A pill is taken at the same time each day. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 9% STI protection: None

15. THE PILL Positives: Easy to use—just swallow with water. Might give lighter periods. Gives control over when period occur. Some pills clear up acne. Can reduce menstrual cramps and PMS. Negatives: Things that will probably go away after two or three months: Bleeding in between periods. Nausea and vomiting

16. PATCH

17. This skin patch is worn on the lower abdomen, buttock, or upper body. This method is prescribed by a doctor. A woman puts on a new patch once a week for 3 weeks. During the 4th week, she does not wear a patch, so she can have a menstrual period. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 9% STI protection: None

18. PATCH Positives: Easy to use—it's like sticking on a Band Aid. Might give you more regular, lighter periods. May clear up acne. Can reduce menstrual cramps and PMS. Negatives: Things that will probably go away after two or three months: Bleeding in between periods. Nausea and vomiting Things that may last longer: Irritation where the patch sits on your skin.

19. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC)

20. EC can be used after no birth control was used during sex, or if the birth control method failed, such as if the condom broke. Women can take EC pills 3-5 days after unprotected sex, depending on the brand, but the sooner the pills are taken, the better they will work. This is NOT a regular method of birth control.

21. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC) Positives: It might offer peace of mind after sex. Negatives: Nausea May cause cramping Might lead to heavier or longer periods. Could cause breast tenderness, irregular bleeding, dizziness, and headaches.

22. VAGINAL RING

23. Place the ring inside the vagina. Wear the ring for 3 weeks, take it out for a week for the period, and then put in a new ring. This method is prescribed by a doctor. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 9% STI protection: None

24. VAGINAL RING Positives: Easy to use—it's just like putting in a tampon. Might give shorter, lighter periods. May clear up acne. Can reduce menstrual cramps and PMS. Negatives: Things that will probably go away after two or three months: Bleeding in between periods. Nausea and vomiting Things that may last longer: Increased vaginal discharge, irritation, or infection.

25. INJECTION (SHOT)

26. INJECTION OR “SHOT” Women get shots of hormones in the buttocks or arm every 3 months [12 weeks] from their doctor. Typical pregnancy failure rate: 6% STI protection: None

27. DEPO SHOT Positives: Easy to use. Don't have to worry about remembering to take it every day. Might give shorter, lighter periods—or no periods at all. Birth control is taken care of for 3 months at a time. It's very effective at preventing pregnancy—if the shot is taken on time. Can used while breastfeeding. Negatives: Irregular bleeding Weight gain Depression Hair loss or more hair on your face or body Nervousness or dizziness Headache Nausea

28. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

29. IUD This IUD is a small device that is shaped in the form of a “T”. A doctor places it inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It can stay in the uterus for 2-10 years. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 0.8% STI protection: None

30. IUD Positives: Easy to use. Some brands of IUD may reduce cramps and make the period much, much lighter. (Some women's periods stop completely.) Can be used while breastfeeding. Negatives: Spotting between periods. Increased period flow Cramps and backaches Other stuff to watch out for: – IUD slipping out – Infection – IUD pushing through the wall of the uterus

31. THE “NOT RIGHT NOW” METHOD

32. NOT RIGHT NOW This is simply choosing to not have sex right now. It is a choice only you can make. 100% effective against pregnancy. 100% effective against STI transmission. It is 100% doable.

33. NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING

34. A woman’s fertility pattern is the number of days in the month when she is able to get pregnant, days when she is infertile, and days when fertility is unlikely, but possible. If a woman has a regular menstrual cycle, she has about 2-7 or more fertile days each month. If a woman does not want to get pregnant, she does not have sex on the days she is fertile, or she uses a barrier method. Typical use failure rate: 24% STI protection: None

35. NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING Positives: Doesn't cost a thing— except for the price of a special thermometer. No prescription necessary. No hormones added to your body. Helps you learn more about your body and how it works. Negatives: Takes planning, record- keeping, and self- control. Requires abstinence (or use of an alternate method) for at least a week per cycle. Both partners need to participate 100%.

36. SPERMICIDES

37. These products work by killing sperm. They are placed in the vagina no more than 1 hour before intercourse. Can be left in place at least 6-8 hours after intercourse. Use a spermicide in addition to a male condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 28% STI protection: None

38. SPERMICIDES Positives: Easy to use No prescription necessary. Can be used while breastfeeding. Negatives: Can be messy. Might irritate genitalia. Some people are allergic to spermicide. All spermicides sold in the U.S. contain Nonoxynol-9, which can cause irritation. That can lead to an increased risk of HIV and STI transmission.

39. OTHER METHODS (DIAPHRAGM, CERVICAL CAP & FEMALE CONDOM)

40. DIAPHRAGM, CERVICAL CAP, FEMALE CONDOM Each of these barrier methods are placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix to block sperm. Before sexual intercourse, the woman inserts one of them, with spermicide, to block or kill sperm. Typical use pregnancy failure rate: 12-21% STI protection: Limited

41. DIAPHRAGM, CERVICAL CAP, FEMALE CONDOM Positives: A woman can put a diaphragm or cervical cap in hours in advance. Can be used while breastfeeding. Negatives: Can cause vaginal irritation. Some women wind up getting frequent urinary tract infections. A prescription is needed.

42. OTHER INFORMATION

43. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL Abstinence from vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse is the only 100% effective way to prevent HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy. The correct and consistent use of male latex condoms can reduce the risk of STD transmission, including HIV infection. However, no protective method is 100% effective, and condom use cannot guarantee absolute protection against any STD or pregnancy.

44. DID YOU KNOW (NATIONALLY) 53.2% of American 9 th -12 th graders have never had sex. 56.9% of Missouri 9 th - 12 th grades have never had sex! That number has been going up since 1981! 55% of the 15-19 year olds wish they would have waited longer! So, it isn’t true what they say… “Everyone’s doing it!”

45. DID YOU KNOW (18-24 YR OLDS) 69% say it is acceptable for someone their age to be a virgin. 86% say it’s important for teens to know that, “it’s okay to be a virgin when you graduate from high school.” 86% say it’s important to know that, “sex doesn’t make you an adult.” 87% say its important for freshman to know that, “sex doesn’t guarantee a relationship will last.”

46. DID YOU KNOW (18-24 YR OLDS)

47. MOVING FORWARD It is never too late to stop and start over. You are in control of your life and your body.

48. THE CHOICE IS YOURS, CHOOSE TO KNOW!

49. CHOICES Free & Confidential services for men and women. STI testing and treatment. Most are Free ! Text line : 774-277-8748 (Joplin) 209-591-8378 (Carthage) Email : presenters@choicesmedical.org