1. East Asia in the 20 th c

2. Opposite Paths

3. Central Theme the connection between economic conditions and government interventions. the connection between economic conditions and government interventions.

4. Post-Dynastic China 1912-1937 How would you characterize China during this time?

5. China, 1912-1937 (post-dynastic system / pre-WWII) “Phantom Republic” 1912-1927 Republic – Nationalist control 1927-1937

6. China 1912-1927: the “Phantom Republic” Early, factions vie for power : Republican revolutionaries Republican revolutionaries Landlords Landlords Foreign powers Foreign powers

7. China 1912-1927: the “Phantom Republic” Republican revolutionaries Republican revolutionaries Led by Sun Yat-sen Led by Sun Yat-sen Western educated Western educated “Fundamentals of National Reconstruction” “Fundamentals of National Reconstruction”

8. China 1912-1927: the “Phantom Republic” Communism Communism Why now? Beliefs? Supporters?Why now? Beliefs? Supporters? Led by Mao ZedongLed by Mao Zedong Aimed at peasantAimed at peasant reform reform

10. China 1927-1937: Republic Nationalists establish control Nationalists establish control Party militarizes Party militarizes Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Led by Chiang Kai-Shek

11. 1934 KMT’s brutal crack down on communists leads to Long March KMT’s brutal crack down on communists leads to Long March KMT = control coastal areas KMT = control coastal areas Communists = influential in hinterlands Communists = influential in hinterlands

13. Imperial Japan 1905-1937

14. 1910 Japan’s emerging Asian empire Japan’s emerging Asian empire 1894-1895: Sino- Japanese War 1894-1895: Sino- Japanese War 1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War Result = Korea & Taiwan w/ eyes on Manchuria Result = Korea & Taiwan w/ eyes on Manchuria

15. Japan expands during 20 th century for lots of reasons And this …is an implicit challenge to West …leads Japan on the road to war Japan 1905-1937: Imperial Japan

16. Reasons to Expand: 1. Need Island nation, limited resources, limited farmland, overpopulationIsland nation, limited resources, limited farmland, overpopulation 2. Anti-Western Sentiment Racial equality?Racial equality? Limiting of navy?Limiting of navy? End of emigration to U.S.?End of emigration to U.S.?Japan 1905-1937: Imperial Japan

17. U.S. Immigration Law of 1924 Barred Chinese & Japanese immigration Barred Chinese & Japanese immigration Reduced Italian immigration Reduced Italian immigration

18. Washington Naval Conference [1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

19. 1930 speech of military leader: “We are like a great crowd of people packed into a small narrow room, and there are only three doors through which we might escape, namely emigration, advance into world markets, and expansion of territory. The first door…has been barred to us by the anti-Japanese immigration policies of other countries. The second door…is being pushed shut by tariff barriers…Japan should rush upon the last door [expansion of territory].” Japan 1905-1937: Imperial Japan

20. 1930’s American observation: “In every classroom is a world-map or map of Asia which shows Japan in red as a very small land indeed, compared to the mainland nations of Asia…In a perfectly bland manner some villager, on looking at such a map, will suggest how nice it would be to [acquire] a bit more of China.” Japan 1905-1937: Imperial Japan

21. 1920s & 1930s, mark further industrial advance of Japan Great Depression = sparks further militarization of Japanese governmentGreat Depression = sparks further militarization of Japanese government Germany? Spain? Germany? Spain? Example:Example: 1931 – Manchurian Incident 1931 – Manchurian IncidentJapan 1905-1937: Imperial Japan

24. Japan

25. Histories Intertwined China & Japan 1937-1945

26. 1937 – Japan launches invasion of coastal China Imperial spirit led to control of islands & much of SE Asia as well Imperial spirit led to control of islands & much of SE Asia as well Cultural & economic imperialismCultural & economic imperialism Branded as: Branded as: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere or an “An Asia for Asians” 20th Cent. Japan

28. Strategy Strategy Embargo → Pearl HarborEmbargo → Pearl Harbor Defensive perimeter → island hoppingDefensive perimeter → island hopping Fight to the death, suicide missions → more direct strikesFight to the death, suicide missions → more direct strikes WWII – Histories Intertwined

29. A terrified baby after Shanghai is attacked by Japan WWII – Histories Intertwined

30. August 6 th & 9 th, 1945 Hiroshima = 140,000 deaths by the end of 1945 (200,000 total) Hiroshima = 140,000 deaths by the end of 1945 (200,000 total) Buildings leveled for a 1.5 miles radiusBuildings leveled for a 1.5 miles radius Nagasaki = 70,000 deaths by the end of 1945 (140,000 total) Nagasaki = 70,000 deaths by the end of 1945 (140,000 total) Explosion had temp exceeding 7,000 o C (Sun’s surface temp. = 6,000 o C). Explosion had temp exceeding 7,000 o C (Sun’s surface temp. = 6,000 o C). WWII – Histories Intertwined