1. shaping a new nation: Washington –Jefferson
The early administrations

2. Washington’s administration
Presidency
Cabinet
President: George Washington
Vice President: John Adams (finished 2nd in voting)
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War: Henry Knox
Attorney General: Edmund Randolph
Emerging Political Parties
Federalists (Believed in STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ex. Hamilton/Adams
VS.
Democratic-Republicans (former Anti-federalists)
Believed in STRONG STATE GOVERNMENTS ex. Jefferson
CONSIDER: MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING WASHINGTON WERE WORRIED ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES…..WHY?!?!

3. Hamilton vs. Jefferson debate
HAMILTON’S VIEWS (Federalists)
JEFFERSON’S VIEWS
(Democratic Republicans)
Strong Central Government
Fear of mob rule
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Supported Creation of the National Bank; It is Constitutional!!!
Strong States
-limited powers of national government (states); fear of absolute power
-Strict Interpretation of the National Government
- NO National Bank; It’s unconstitutional!!!!
Economy based on shipping and manufacturing (commercial based)
Payment of national and state debts (assumption of debt) favors creditors
Economy based on farming and agriculture (agrarian based society)
Payment of national debt only (favors debtors)
- Supporters: Merchants, Manufacturers, Landowners, Investors, Lawyers
Supporters: “the plain people” farmers; tradespeople

4. Hamilton’s economic plan to get the us out of debt
Goal of the Economic Plan:
To manage the country’s debt and establish a national banking system
Assumption of State’s Debts by the national government
Southern States didn’t want to pay for Northern States debts
Bank of the United States
National bank would be funded by both the federal government and the wealthy private investors
Hamilton hoped to tie the wealthy investors to the country’s welfare
Madison argues that the National Bank is unconstitutional…..WHY? HOW IS THE NATIONAL BANK AN EX. OF THE NECESSARY & PROPER CLAUSE AT WORK??
LEADS TO DEBATE OVER STRICT VS LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
MADISON ARGUES THAT THE NATIONAL BANK IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL B/C THERE IS NO PROVISION MADE FOR IT IN THE CONSTITUTION; THEREFORE CONGRESS HAS NO RIGHT TO AUTHORIZE IT

5. Permanent capital on the potomac
Nation’s capital in NYC is moved temporarily to Philadelphia and then to VA
Final permanent home to capital of the USA is moved to Washington D.C. on the Potomac River (site chosen by George Washington)
Compromise between Northern and Southern States
Assumption of State Debts agreed upon
Near VA which makes Southerners happy
Designed by Pierre L’Enfant and later Andrew Elliocott; Ellicott is eventually assisted by Benjamin Banneker
Veto any state Law in Conflict with national law
Use force if necessary to make the state obey the national law
Congress would choose the national executive and the judiciary
Congress would be the most powerful branch

6. Whiskey rebellion (1794)
Excise Tax placed on Whiskey to raise the federal budget’s overall revenue.
(Tax placed on the production, sale or consumption of goods produced within a country)
Most Whiskey producers were small frontier farmers and the major crop was corn; Whiskey was a main source of cash for these farmers.
Farmers in Western PA refused to pay the tax and beat up federal marshals; they threatened to secede.
President Washington calls up 15,000 militiamen and leads them to disperse the rebels without any casualties.
WHY IS THIS EVENT SIGNIFICANT IN US HISTORY AND FOR THE NEW NATION?
THE WHISKEY REBELLION WAS A MILESTONE IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF FEDERAL POWER IN DOMESTIC AFFAIRS!!!!

7. Washington’s Farewell ADDRESS:
Summary of Topics Washington discusses in his Farewell Address:
1) The Preservation of the Union. The general theme of the Farewell Address is the preservation of the Union as the core of American nationhood.
2) The Danger of Factions. Washington also warned of “the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party”—one of the two most famous recommendations of the Farewell Address (along with a warning about permanent alliances).
3) Religion and Morality. In a self-governing nation, a unifying public opinion requires the enlightenment of formal institutions of education and of civic education.“Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and morality are indispensable supports.”
4) America’s Role in the World. The foreign policy of the new nation requires both principles and prudence, given its circumstances. The United States should “observe good faith and justice towards all Nations.” In the future, he asks Americans to keep in mind that “it will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and at no distant period, a great Nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a People always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence.” America’s place in the world will elevate and distinguish its national character.
George Washington's Farewell Address announced that he would not seek a third term as president. Originally published in David C. Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796, Washington devoted much of the address to domestic issues of the time, warning against the rise of political parties and sectionalism as a threat to national unity. In the area of foreign affairs, Washington called for America "to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." Although the ideas expressed were Washington's, Alexander Hamilton wrote a large part of the address. James Madison drafted an earlier version of the address in 1792.
Sober George Washington daringly made his Farewell Address an open letter of advice and warning to the American people about their long-term safety and happiness. For a great leader to voluntarily relinquish political power and retire from public life was itself unprecedented in the annals of history—an act that contributed to the establishment of republican government in America.
Washington warned of the dangers facing the young republic, chiefly from internal faction and foreign dangers. But he also hailed the greatness that could come from a unity founded on necessity and prosperity, and further graced by the character of its citizens. The Address itself exemplified unity.