1. Transmeta’s New Processor Another way to design CPU By Wu Cheng Meng @csie.ccu.edu.tw

2. What’s Crusoe CPU X86 ISA Compatible Simple VLIW Hardware Software/Hardware Mixed Architecture Low Power Self-Turning of Clock & Voltage

3. Structure

4. X86 Applications X86 BIOS Code Morphing Software X86 Operating System VLIW Processor

5. VLIW Hardware 64/128 bits molecule 2 Integer, 1 Float, 1 LD/ST, 1 Branch Optimized for simple, fast and low-power [F]ADDBRCCLDADD 128 bit molecule

6. Code Morphing Layer Started When Boot Translate/Optimize ISA to Native ISA Insert Instrument Code to … –Execute path analysis –Detect CPU need for efficient power consuming –Any other analysis..

7. Code Morphing Layer 8-16M Physical Memory on main-board Code Morph itself And Translated Code Cache Virtual Physical Memory BIOS and OS can see

8. Translation Step  Interpretation  Translate one instruction at a time  Simple-minded  Optimize Code that Compilers do  Highly Optimized  Reorder the instructions and make parallelism

9. Special Issues for X86 Generate Same Condition Code Operates same 80-bit floating point TLB has same protection bits TLB address mapping as X86 processors

10. Precise Interrupt –Shadow Registers (int / fp) –Gated Store Buffer –Commit Operation –Rollback Operation

11. Alias Hardware Alias Hardware (Memory) –Reorder limited by load/store pairs –Load-and-protect Save address and size of loaded data –Store-Under-Alias-Mask Check alias hardware Raise exception when overwrite

12. Example of Alias ld %r30, [%x] // first load from location x … st %data, [%y] // might overwrite location x ld %r31, [%x] // this accesses location X again use %31 ldp %r30, [%x] // load from location x and protect it … stam %data, [%y] // traps if it writes x use %30 // may use data from first load

13. Self-Modifying Code Keep a “translated” bit in MMU When a protected page is written –Invalidate the affected translation(s)

14. Low Power!!! Pentium!!!Crusoe Reduced Power Consumption mainly by reduced x86 decode logic