1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-2 McGraw-Hill Five Parts of an Information System 1.People People 2.Procedures 3.Software Software 4.Hardware Hardware 5.Data Data Connectivity

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-3 McGraw-Hill People Most important part of any systemMost important part of any system Contact is …Contact is … –Direct –Indirect Computer usesComputer uses –Business & Entertainment –Education & Medicine Return

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-4 McGraw-Hill Software Software is another name for programsSoftware is another name for programs Two major kinds of softwareTwo major kinds of software –System Software –Application Software

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-5 McGraw-Hill System Software A collection of programs – not a single programA collection of programs – not a single program –Includes Operating System software, Utilities, and Device Drivers Enables the application software to interact with the hardware, and helps the computer manage its resourcesEnables the application software to interact with the hardware, and helps the computer manage its resources Two best-known operating systems for microcomputers are Windows 7 and Mac OS XTwo best-known operating systems for microcomputers are Windows 7 and Mac OS X Return

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-6 McGraw-Hill Application Software End-user softwareEnd-user software Two major categoriesTwo major categories –Basic applications –Specialized applications Return

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-7 McGraw-Hill Hardware - Types of Computers SupercomputersSupercomputers Mainframe computersMainframe computers Minicomputers (or mid-range computers)Minicomputers (or mid-range computers) MicrocomputersMicrocomputers

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-8 McGraw-Hill Microcomputer Types DesktopDesktop LaptopLaptop Tablet PCTablet PC HandheldHandheld

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-9 McGraw-Hill Desktop Computers Desktop computers are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk, yet are too big to carry aroundDesktop computers are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk, yet are too big to carry around

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-10 McGraw-Hill Notebook or Laptop Computers Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcasesNotebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcases

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-11 McGraw-Hill Tablet PC In addition to a keyboard, a tablet PC allows you to enter data, write notes, and select commands using a pen stylusIn addition to a keyboard, a tablet PC allows you to enter data, write notes, and select commands using a pen stylus Handwritten data is digitized and converted to standard text that can be further processed by a word processorHandwritten data is digitized and converted to standard text that can be further processed by a word processor

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-12 McGraw-Hill Handheld Handheld or palm computers, such as Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones, are amongst the smallest computing devicesHandheld or palm computers, such as Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones, are amongst the smallest computing devices These systems typically combine pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communications capabilitiesThese systems typically combine pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communications capabilities Smartphones are cell phones with wireless connections to the InternetSmartphones are cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet

13. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-13 McGraw-Hill Microcomputer Hardware Four basic categories of equipment:Four basic categories of equipment: –System Unit System UnitSystem Unit –Input/Output Input/Output –Secondary Storage Secondary StorageSecondary Storage –Communication Communication

14. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-14 McGraw-Hill System Unit Two important componentsTwo important components –Microprocessor –Memory Return

15. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-15 McGraw-Hill Input/Output Devices Common input devices are the keyboard and the mouseCommon input devices are the keyboard and the mouse Common output devices are printers and monitorsCommon output devices are printers and monitors Return

16. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-16 McGraw-Hill Secondary Storage Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not availableUnlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available The most important types of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disksThe most important types of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks Return

17. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-17 McGraw-Hill Communication Communication devices, such as modems, provide microcomputers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globeCommunication devices, such as modems, provide microcomputers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globe Modems modify telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computerModems modify telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer Modems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone linesModems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines Return

18. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-18 McGraw-Hill Data Raw, unprocessed factsRaw, unprocessed facts Processed data becomes informationProcessed data becomes information Digital data is stored electronically in filesDigital data is stored electronically in files –Document files –Worksheet files –Database files –Presentation files RETURN

19. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-19 McGraw-Hill Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, the Internet, and Cloud Computing ConnectivityConnectivity –Sharing of information –Wireless communication has widespread use Computer networksComputer networks –Connected communication system of computers –Largest network is the Internet Cloud ComputingCloud Computing –Uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet

20. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 1 Information Technology, the Internet, and You STUDY p19 – 24 VISUAL SUMMARY KEY TERMS MULTIPLE CHOICE Q’sMATCHING Q’s

21. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 06: The System Unit

22. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-22 McGraw-Hill System Unit System Chassis, System Board (Motherboard), Microprocessor, Memory, Socket, Bus Lines, and Expansion Slots

23. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-23 McGraw-Hill Electronic Data and Instructions Data and instructions are represented electronicallyData and instructions are represented electronically Two-state system or Binary SystemTwo-state system or Binary System –Off/On electrical states –Characters represented by 0’s (off) and 1’s (on) –Bits –Bytes

24. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-24 McGraw-Hill Character Coding Schemes Three types of binary coding schemesThree types of binary coding schemes –ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Exchange –EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code –Unicode - handles languages with large numbers of characters

25. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-25 McGraw-Hill System Board Connects all componentsConnects all components Allows communication between devicesAllows communication between devices Main board or motherboardMain board or motherboard Circuit board componentsCircuit board components –Sockets –Slots –Bus lines

26. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-26 McGraw-Hill Microprocessor Chips Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU) –Measurement units for processing speed (shown here) Two Basic ComponentsTwo Basic Components –Control unit –Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)

27. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-27 McGraw-Hill Microprocessor Chips Chip capacities are expressed in word sizesChip capacities are expressed in word sizes Two significant developmentsTwo significant developments –64-bit processors Have become standard for most of today’s desktop and laptop computersHave become standard for most of today’s desktop and laptop computers –Multi-Core Chips Can provide two separate and independent CPUsCan provide two separate and independent CPUs Parallel ProcessingParallel Processing

28. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-28 McGraw-Hill Memory Holding area for data, instructions, and informationHolding area for data, instructions, and information Memory is contained on chips connected to the system boardMemory is contained on chips connected to the system board Types of memory chipsTypes of memory chips –RAM – Programs and data RAM –ROM – Fixed start-up instructions ROM –Flash – Flexible start-up instructions Flash

29. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-29 McGraw-Hill RAM Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold the program and dataRandom Access Memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data –Cache memory –Virtual memory Return

30. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-30 McGraw-Hill ROM Read-only memory (ROM) chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the userRead-only memory (ROM) chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs but the computer cannot writeCPU can read, or retrieve data and programs but the computer cannot write Contain special instructionsContain special instructions –Needed to start a computer –Give keyboard keys their special capabilities –Put characters on screen Return

31. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-31 McGraw-Hill Flash Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM.Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM. Flash memory is used for a wide range of applications.Flash memory is used for a wide range of applications. If changes are made to the computer system, these changes are reflected in flash memory.If changes are made to the computer system, these changes are reflected in flash memory.

32. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-32 McGraw-Hill Expansion Slots and Cards Allows for new devices to be addedAllows for new devices to be added –Open architecture –Slots provide for expansion

33. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-33 McGraw-Hill Commonly Used Expansion Cards Graphics cardsGraphics cards Sound cardsSound cards Network interface cardsNetwork interface cards Wireless network cardsWireless network cards PC cards & Express cardsPC cards & Express cards TV tuner cardsTV tuner cards

34. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-34 McGraw-Hill Plug and Play Set of specific hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and othersSet of specific hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and others Creating devices that are able to configure themselves when installedCreating devices that are able to configure themselves when installed

35. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-35 McGraw-Hill Bus Lines Connect parts of the CPU to each otherConnect parts of the CPU to each other Data roadway for traveling bitsData roadway for traveling bits –Measured as bus width –More lanes, faster traffic Two basic categoriesTwo basic categories –System buses –Expansion buses

36. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-36 McGraw-Hill Ports Socket for connecting external devicesSocket for connecting external devices Ports can connect directly to the system board or they can connect to cards that are inserted into slots on the system boardPorts can connect directly to the system board or they can connect to cards that are inserted into slots on the system board

37. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-37 McGraw-Hill Standard Ports Four common portsFour common ports –VGA –USB ports –FireWire ports –Ethernet ports

38. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-38 McGraw-Hill Cables Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the portsUsed to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the portOne end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port

39. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 1-39 McGraw-Hill Power Supply Computers require direct current (DC)Computers require direct current (DC) DC power provided by converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteriesDC power provided by converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries Desktop computers use power supply unitsDesktop computers use power supply units Notebooks and handhelds use AC adaptersNotebooks and handhelds use AC adapters

40. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 6 The System Unit STUDY p177 – 182 VISUAL SUMMARY KEY TERMS MULTIPLE CHOICE Q’sMATCHING Q’s