1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Chapter 5 Operating System Operating system software is in the broader category of “system software”. Categories of operating systems Operating system (OS) tasks: – –Providing the user interaction – –Managing the processor, memory, hardware – –Interacting with application software – –Starting the computer up – –Utilities programs Windows features and file management

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 Tasks of operating system 1/2 Controls computer functions (hardware, processor, memory, peripheral devices) Provides means for software to work with CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface

3. Tasks of operating system 2/2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 Utilities programs - small programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks related to: – –Backup – –Security – –Diagnostics – –Maintenance – –Recovery – –Etc.

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 Real-Time Operating Systems An operating system with a specific purpose. Found in: – –Automobiles – –Printers – –VoIP phones – –Medical devices – –Robotic equipment

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5 Network Operating Systems Most OS’s have networking capabilities which implies the following: – –The OS allows access to the computer system by more than one user – –The OS manages user requests OS’s with network capabilities include: – –Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 and up, Mac OSX, and Linux (designed for personal computer) – –UNIX (designed for mainframe)

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6 UNIX OS Unix operating system is primarily for mainframes. UNIX was developed by AT&T Bell Labs. They licensed it to Santa Cruz Operating Group. Vendors can modify UNIX code. Some vendor versions: – –Hewlett-Packard has HP/UX – –Sun version has Solaris – –IBM’s has AIX

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 Commercial computers OS’s On Mainframes, the OS network capabilities handles hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. z/OS is an OS for the IBM zSeries mainframe. Supercomputers have OS’s that are geared toward its purpose; Used by scientists and engineers to solve problems.

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8 Smartphones OS’s (single user multitask OS) Old cell phone + old PDAs = new Smartphones Some smartphone OS’s: – –Microsoft Windows Phone 7 – –iPhone iOS – –Google Android (is Linux based) It is a computer, phone, camera, Internet browser. Runs apps, including GPS

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9 Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform – –Microsoft Windows OS with Intel and AMD processors – –Apple Macintosh OS with Motorola, IBM, and Intel processors OS not interchangeable between platforms Most Applic. software is platform specific Note Macs and Windows PCs can be networked tog.

10. Microsoft Windows Originally a single-user OS, but starting with Windows XP, is multi-user OS because it include networking capabilities Windows 10 is newest version Some systems have touch screen functionality Microsoft strived to increased functionality, improve user-friendliness, Internet, and privacy and security Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11 Mac OS First commercially available OS with point- and-click technology (GUI) Excellence in Graphics display, Processing, System reliability, File backup Fewer applications avail than for Windows More expensive Can run Windows in “boot camp” utility Networkable (making it multi-user)

12. Mac vs. Windows Similar functionality Streamlined user interface Window-like work areas on the desktop Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12 MacWindows

13. Linux Linus Torvalds created as a student in college, Finland ‘91Linus Torvalds created as a student in college, Finland ‘91 Open-source operating system (source code is avail.)Open-source operating system (source code is avail.) Stable system based on UNIXStable system based on UNIX Code tweaked by Gnu ProjectCode tweaked by Gnu Project Free (download from Internet)Free (download from Internet) –Linux distributors (Red Hat, Ubuntu, Fedora, Suse) sell versions for the support they provide.. Linux is Open Source software (other such OpenOffice, MySQL)Linux is Open Source software (other such OpenOffice, MySQL) networkablenetworkable 13 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

14. 14 What the OS Does Next 8 slides… Provides a user interface (see next slide) Manages the CPU Manages memory and storage Manages hardware and peripheral devices Coordinates application software with the CPU

15. The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computerEnables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces: –Command-driven interface (In Windows 8: START button > All Apps > Windows System Category > Command prompt; Or search on “cmd”, press.) –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15 Command-driven Menu-driven Graphical

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16 Processor Management (“interrupt”, “stacks” etc (details) of this slide not required) Controls the timing of events the processor works on – –Multitasking – –Interrupts – –Interrupt handler – –Interrupt table –OS puts reminder where it left off when it was interrupted and did other event (task) –Stack - OS puts reminder where it left off when it was interrupted and did other event (task)

17. System Requirements - Windows 8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17 Windows 8.1 4GB for x64 (64-bit) systems4GB for x64 (64-bit) systems [ 2GB of RAM for x86 systems (32- bit)],[ 2GB of RAM for x86 systems (32- bit)], __MB of video RAM__MB of video RAM otherother

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 Upgrade to Windows __? Considerations/research needed Is support for your current OS expiring soon? Many times current OS is best fitted to your equipment Make sure your software and devices are compatible; Recommended that you use Windows __ “Upgrade Advisor” – –Can download this program. It scans your computer to see what software (and drivers for hardware) are on your computer and whether compatible with Win 7. – –Then if software not compatible, you need to research it to find its update -- or uninstall it.

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored in RAM temporarily as program is running. From there they go to CPU to be executed. IF RAM GETS FULL, the data is forced to get stored on hard drive This hard drive location is called Swap file (= Page file) Terms: swapping = paging – –Thrashing – excessive paging or swapping

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20 Hardware and Peripheral Device Management Device drivers - software for your hardware – –Software (program) that enables the operating system to communicate with a peripheral devices. – –Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and Play – –Hardware/software standard (since Wins 95) – –Facilitates the installation of new hardware b/c Windows OS has many drivers “on file” (So you do not have to install them w/ disc.)

21. Device Manager © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Windows 8: Right- click ThisPC, Props, link at left is Device Manager Or right click on START and select Device Manager Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 Starting the Computer The boot process 1. 1.BIOS is activated from ROM chip connected to on switch. 2. 2.A POST checks attached hardware. 3. 3.The OS loads from hard drive into RAM. 4. 4.Configuration and customization settings are checked.

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23 Handling Errors in the Boot Process (this slide not required) Safe mode When Windows does not boot properly, one can boot into safe mode It is a diagnostic mode where minimal drivers are started up – allowing you to troubleshoot. For ex, from safe mode, you can uninstall any new devices or software that were causing the current issues and then try reinstalling.

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24 The Desktop Covered in Windows 8 Chapter This is older Windows Vista Desktop!

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25 Windows Covered in Windows 8 Chapter

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents. Hierarchical structure of directories: – –Drives Folders   Subfolders » »Files Windows 8: ThisPC (Documents, Pictures, Videos) Covered in Windows 8 Chapter

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 File Management Covered in Windows 8 Chapter

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 Viewing Files and Folders Many views available – –Details (Can sort on various columns, shows additional info - details) – –Large Icon view PPT slides (shows title slide) – –Extra Large Icon view – –Tiles view (default view of Computers) – –List view – –Small and Medium Icon views Covered in Windows 8 Chapter

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29 File Name Extensions 1/2 ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.docWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2003.docxWord processing documentMicrosoft Word 2007.xlsxSpreadsheetMicrosoft Excel 2007.accdbDatabaseMicrosoft Access 2007.pptxPowerPoint presentationMicrosoft PowerPoint 2007.pdfPortable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader.txtText Any program that can read text documents

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30 File Name Extensions 2/2 ExtensionType of DocumentApplication.htm or.html Hyper Text Markup Language for a Web page Any program that can read HTML.jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image Most programs capable of displaying images.gif Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image Most programs capable of displaying images.bmpBitmap imageWindows.zipCompressed fileWinZip

31. Naming Files File name: Name assigned plus file name extension – –Ex: You type my paper and Word 2013 saves it as my paper.docx Up to 255 characters Characters not legal in Windows file names: “ / \ * ? | : Character not legal in Mac file names: : Mac file names are case sensitive (I like to avoid a dot in my file name.) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32 File Path File path or pathname (location of file): Use /’s or \’s. A colon follows the drive name Practice - navigate to the folder &/or file specified: C:\Users\your_name\Documents S:\perel\CS101\old stuff\aa_prac\one.txt

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33 Working with Files File management actions – –Open – –Copy – –Move – –Rename – –Delete Recycle Bin (Windows) (only files deleted from C: are recoverable.) Trash (Mac)

34. Utility Programs Utility program (definition) - small application program that performs special functions (“housekeeping” functions, to manage resources, customize computer)Utility program (definition) - small application program that performs special functions (“housekeeping” functions, to manage resources, customize computer) example: Display Properties Utility Change the appearance of: Desktop,Change the appearance of: Desktop, Win 7/Vista: Rt-click desktop, Personalization Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

35. Utility – Programs and Features Use Programs and Features: Win 8: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features (NOTE: To get to control panel, right click START button)Win 8: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features (NOTE: To get to control panel, right click START button) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

36. Utility - File Compression 1/2 36 Reduce the size of a file by removing redundancies. This means r Reduce the size of a file by removing redundancies. This means repeated patterns of characters in the file are replaced with few characters. For example in the sentence: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. ain the “ain” pattern might be replaced by the single character “*”. Thus 1 character replaces 3 characters and reduces the size of the file. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

37. Utility - File Compression 2/2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37 Zip: Right click on file/folder, select Send to > Compressed Folder Unzip: To unzip is to extract or uncompress.

38. System Maintenance Utilities Disk Cleanup – –Removes unnecessary files; you can choose to delete: downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, offline Web pages, deleted files in Recycle Bin – –Right-click C: drive, Props, General tab, Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

39. System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenter: – –Regroups related pieces of files – –Right-click C: drive, Props, Tools tab Error checker: – –Checks for lost files and fragments – –Right-click C: drive, Props, Tools tab Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

40. System Maintenance Utilities Task Manager : ctrl + alt + delctrl + alt + del Unfreeze frozen programUnfreeze frozen program –Click End Task on non-responding program See apps runningSee apps running See processes runningSee processes running If ctrl + alt +del doesn’t work, turn computer off by power button. Then turn it back on.If ctrl + alt +del doesn’t work, turn computer off by power button. Then turn it back on. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

41. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41 System Restore Restores your computer to previous point in time. – –Choose the last restore point or an earlier date when you know your computer was working okay.. – –PC will restart. Process can takes 3 - 60 minutes. – –Create restore points too. – –system restore videosystem restore video It’s in Control Panel: System and Security > System, System Protection link at left

42. Other Utilities Utilities for “Maintaining your computer” (and “Securing your online computer”) (separate notes)Utilities for “Maintaining your computer” (and “Securing your online computer”) (separate notes) Backup: Creates a copy of the hard drive (or specific files) to another storage deviceBackup: Creates a copy of the hard drive (or specific files) to another storage device –Win 7/Vista: Control Panel > Sys and Security, Backup and Restore –Wins 8: Control Panel > System and Security > File History Utility - accommodates for disabilities:Utility - accommodates for disabilities: –Win 7/Vista: Accessories folder > Ease of Access folder They contain Magnifier, Narrator, speech recognition, etc –Win 8: Start > Al Apps > Windows Accessories > Ease of Access Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

43. Right-click START button for: Control panelControl panel Task ManagerTask Manager File ExplorerFile Explorer Others:Others: –Programs and Features –System –Device Manager –Command Prompt Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43