1. Renaissance & Reformation

2. Renaissance=“rebirth” Began in Italy in 1300 A.D. Reached its peak around 1500 A.D. Emphasized human experience and individual achievement rather than religion

3. Renaissance… Intellectual movement Based on ‘humanism’ Studied classical culture of Greece & Rome to broaden their understanding Emphasized the humanities: rhetoric, poetry, & history

4. Renaissance Art… Reflected Humanism Painters pursued “realism” Developed improved ways to represent humans and landscapes Discovered “perspective”: ways to make art appear 3-dimensional

5. Famous Renaissance Painters… Leonardo de Vinci

6. Famous Renaissance Painters… Michelangelo

8. Famous Renaissance Painters… Raphael

9. Famous Renaissance Writers… Niccolo Machiavelli “The Prince”: Guidebook for rulers on how to gain & maintain power

10. Other Renaissance Men… Erasmus: Dutch priests/humanists who called for translation of the Bible into more modern vernacular Thomas More: Called for social reform; utopian society.

11. William Shakespeare English poet/playwright. 37 plays; 1,700 new words to English language. “Romeo & Juliet” “MacBeth” “Hamlet”

12. Coming out of the Dark Ages…The Printing Press Johann Gutenburg 1455=printed the 1 st complete edition of the Bible.

13. Printing Press Cheaper Books Easier to produce More books available More people Learn to read New ideas & new places

14. Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution mid-1500s Nicholas Copernicus (1543) Proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the solar system

15. Galileo Italy Assembled telescope & observed 4 moons of Jupiter orbiting the planet. Opposed by the Church

16. New approaches to science… Based on: Observation Experimentation Logic Reasoning ↓↓ Hypothesis → → → Scientific Method

17. Scientific Revolutionaries René Descartes=Reasoning Francis Bacon=Experimentation & Observation Isaac Newton=Gravity & calculus

18. The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Germany, 1517 Challenged the Catholic Church Stated that all Christians have = access to God through faith & the Bible Christians can be saved only through faith.

19. John Calvin Switzerland Also challenged Catholic Church Believed in predestination (Only those God has picked who will go to Heaven) English Calvinists sail to America to escape religious persecution in the 1600s.