1. Consciousness Body Rhythms Pages 156-160

2. Consciousness: Body rhythms and mental states chapter 5

3. Objectives: The student will Analyze body rhythms, including circadian rhythms Describe when the body is out of synch (the body clock) Summarize P.M.S.

4. Objective #1 Consciousness- the process underlying the mental model we create of the world which we are aware Biological rhythms- Biological clock in our brains= governs hormone level, blood pressure, responsiveness of brain cells to stimuli Most B.R.’S= Endogenous, generated from within.

5. Understanding biological rhythms Consciousness Awareness of oneself and the environment Biological rhythms A periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; may or may not have psychological implications chapter 5

6. Objective #1 Circadian Rhythms- bodily patterns that occur every 24 hours, most common sleep-wake However 100’s more, alertness, tasks Circa (about) + dies (day)= 24 hour day Work schedules, time change, staying up all night to study, all effect cycle Influenced by external cues Participants in studies Awake 20-25 hours, sleep for 10.

7. Circadian Rhythms

8. Endogenous biological rhythms Circadian rhythms Once about every 24 hours Example: the sleep-wake cycle chapter 5

9. Circadian rhythms Occur in animals, plants, and people To study endogenous circadian rhythms, scientists isolate volunteers from time cues. Suprachiasmatic nucleus Located in hypothalamus, regulates melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland chapter 5

10. Body’s Clock C.R.’S controlled by biological clock= super cluster of cells in hypothalamus called Suprachiasmatic ( soo-pruh-kie-as-MAT-ick) nucleus (SCN) Sends messages up neural pathways; responds to light and dark SCN regulates hormones and neurotransmitters Melatonin, Pinal gland- Responds to light and dark Darkened room-=melatonin rises O.T.O.H. lightened room=falls

11. SCN

12. When the clock is out of synch Internal desynchronization- a STATE IN WHICH Biological rhythms are not in phase (synchronized) with one another Jet lag, body temp., hormone levels adjusted new shift at work could be disaster; Exxon Valdez, 3 mile island

13. Internal desynchronization A state when biological rhythms are not in phase with each other Circadian rhythms are influenced by changes in routine. Airplane flights across time zones Adjusting to new work shifts Illness, stress, fatigue, excitement, drugs, and mealtimes chapter 5

14. Internal des.

15. Moods and long term rhythms Birds migrate south, bears hibernate, sea creatures become inactive so effected by seasons Seasonal affective disorder ( SAD)- People become depressed when there is less sunlight Studies show lifetime of major seasonal depression 0.4%

16. Moods and long-term rhythms Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) A controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the Winter and an improvement of mood in the Spring. Treatment involves phototherapy or exposure to fluorescent light. Evaluating frequency of and treatment for SAD is difficult. chapter 5

17. SAD

18. Menstrual Cycle affect moods 1 st half of cycle more estrogen lines uterus for possible baby Mid cycle release the egg, produce progesterone Then if conception does not occur, E. & P. fall So does physical changes correlate to emotional or intellectual changes?

19. P.M.S. 1970’s vague cluster of physical and emotional problems days before menstruation Fatigue, irritability, headache, depression Premenstrual syndrome- 13% to “most women” Physical symptoms, cramps, breast tenderness However just like sad many more people think they have symptoms than actually do

20. Menstrual cycles and mood Physical symptoms are common Cramps, breast tenderness, and water retention Emotional symptoms are rare Irritability and depression Fewer than 5% of women have symptoms predictably. chapter 5

23. Why women overestimate “PMS” They notice depression or irritability when these moods occur premenstrually but overlook times when moods are absent premenstrually. They attribute irritability before menstruation to PMS and irritability at other times to other causes. They are influenced by cultural attitudes and myths about menstruation. chapter 5

24. Research conclusions about “PMS” No gender differences in mood No relation between stage of menstrual cycle and emotional symptoms No consistent “PMS” pattern across menstrual cycles No connection between “PMS” and behavior chapter 5

25. Summaries Circadian rhythms Body clock P.M.S.