2. Pineal Gland “Third Eye” Photosensitive ganglion cells – transmit information to pineal gland. Pineal gland is inhibited by light, specifically blue light, 460-480 nm

3. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) CNS signal to pineal for release of melatonin

5. Melatonin Targets: Brain, Immune System, Reproductive organs, Pituitary Gland, and other Synch body’s biological clock, may inhibit Gonadotropins (timing of puberty)

6. Elysia chlorotica green sea slug

7. Pancreas More specifically Islets of Langerhans Alpha Cells – Produce Glucagon Beta Cells – Produce Insulin Both are peptide hormones

8. Glucagon Promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Insulin Promotes liver, muscles and fat tissue to absorb Glucose from blood. Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles Stored as triglycerides in fat cells

9. When can we expect insulin to be released?

12. Type 1 Diabetes (Childhood) Type 2 Diabetes (Onset) Gestational Diabetes

13. Symptoms: Hyperglycemia Frequent Urination Increase Thirst Increase Appetite

14. Type 1: Autoimmune disease Body destroys it’s own beta cells 10%-15% of all people with diabetes have type 1 Not Preventable

15. Type 2: More Common Due to reduced insulin production or reduced ability of insulin to bind to receptors 15% of all people with diabetes have type 1 Treatable with insulin monitoring and proper diet

17. Gestational Diabetes 2%-10% of pregnant woman Caused by high glucose levels during pregnancy Hormonal changes may effect insulin production - Placenta

18. Parathyroid Releases Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Stimulates Ca 2+ release from bone Increase Ca 2+ uptake from kidney and intestines

19. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Stimulates enzymes in the kidneys to convert vitamin D into calcitriol (Active form in the body) Calcitriol promotes absorption of Ca 2+ Done via synthesis of calcium-binding proteins (helps absorption) Increases release of Ca 2+ from bones