2. Measurement In Chemistry

3. Measurement At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Explain the difference between the two types of ________________ 2. Give examples of 5 basic __ measuring units 3. Give examples of 3 different ___________ units from the basic SI units 4. Vary the amounts of the SI measuring units with ____ different prefixes and define each 5. Explain the difference between mass and _______________ 6. List and explain 5 different units for _______________

4. Types of Observations and Measurements We make _______________observations of reactions — changes in color and physical state. We make _______________observations of reactions — changes in color and physical state. We also make ________________ observations that involve ______________ with numbers and units. We also make ________________ observations that involve ______________ with numbers and units.

5. Some Tools for Measurement Which tool(s) would you use to measure: A. temperature B. volume C. time D. weight

6. Stating a Quantitative Measurement In every measurement there is a  ___________ (Quantity) followed by a  ________ from a measuring device

7. Quantitative Measurements in Chemistry Must Include Units!

8. Standards of Quantitative Measurement When we measure, we use a measuring tool to compare some dimension of an object to a standard. For example, at one time the standard for length was the king’s ________. What are some problems with this standard?

9. ____ Measurement Le Système International d‘Unités Le Système International d‘Unités Adopted in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. Adopted in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. International Standards are kept in France. International Standards are kept in France. Among countries with non- metric usage, the U.S. is the only country significantly holding out. The U.S. officially adopted SI in 1866. Among countries with non- metric usage, the U.S. is the only country significantly holding out. The U.S. officially adopted SI in 1866. ________ & ________ are changing over. ________ & ________ are changing over. Information from U.S. Metric Association

10. Base SI Units Base SI Units QuantityUnitSymbol Length Mass Temperature Time Amount of Substance Luminous Intensity candelacd Electric Current amperea

11. Units Of Measurement You Must Know Use SI units — based on the metric system LengthMassVolumeTimeTemperature _____________

12. Unit for Length 1 Meter Note: Not ________!!

13. Metric Prefixes _____- means 1000 of that unit _____- means 1000 of that unit 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) _____- means 1/100 of that unit _____- means 1/100 of that unit 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 dollar = 100 cents 1 dollar = 100 cents _____- means 1/1000 of that unit _____- means 1/1000 of that unit 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm)

14. Metric Prefixes

15. You Will Need to Know: Grand ________ King Henry Died by DrinKing Chocolate Milk Monday _______

16. Metric Prefixes You Need to Know

17. 1 meter (m) 1 kilometer (km) 1 dm (decimeter) 1 cm (centimeter) 1 mm (millimeter) 1  m (micrometer) 1 nm (nanometer) 10 3 meters = 1 km 10 dm = 1 m 100 cm = 1 m 10 3 mm = 1 m 10 6  m = 1 m 10 9 nm = 1 m

18. Unit for Mass 1 Kilogram Note: Not ________!!

19. Unit for Weight 1 Newton 1 N = kg m/s 2

20. A Weighty Problem On 9/23/99, $125,000,000 Mars Climate Orbiter entered Mars’ atmosphere 100 km lower than planned and was destroyed by heat. ____________ 1 lb = 4.45 N “This is going to be the cautionary tale that will be embedded into introduction to the metric system in elementary school, high school, and college science courses ‘till the end of time.”

21. Weight is force of the gravitational pull on an object. It would be different on the moon than it is on earth. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass and weight are directly related as long as we remain on earth at the same elevation. That is, if one object has twice the mass of another, then its weight on earth would also be twice as large. However, if we take the same object to Denver, Colorado, the mass stays the same but the weight would be different. Why?? Mass and Weight

22. Mass vs. Weight _______: Amount of Matter _______: Amount of Matter (grams, measured with a BALANCE) (grams, measured with a BALANCE) _________: Force exerted by the mass, only present with gravity _________: Force exerted by the mass, only present with gravity (pounds, measured with a __________) (pounds, measured with a __________) Can you hear me now?

23. Unit for Volume 1 Meter Cubed Note: A _________ Unit!! Too Big, So Generally Use the ______

24. What is a Liter??

25. Length and Volume 1 m = 10 dm therefore 1 m 3 = ____ dm 3 1 dm = 10 cm therefore 1 dm 3 = ____ cm 3 1 L = 1 dm 3 and 1 L = ____ mL so 1 L = 1 dm 3 = 10 3 mL = 10 3 cm 3 = 10 3 cc so This means that 1 milliliter (mL) is the same as 1 cubic ___________ (cc). These terms are often used interchangeably.

26. Units for Volume m 3 cm 3 dm 3 L ______ mL 1 dm 3 = ____ 1 cm 3 = ____

27. Other Derived SI Units QuantityUnitSymbol Volume Density Speed meter per second m/s Newton kg m/ s 2 N Energy Joule (kg m 2 /s 2 ) J Pressure Pascal (kg/ms 2 ) Pa

28. Units for Energy Joule J Joule J ___________ 1 cal = 4.184 J ___________ 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 cal = quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 o C. 1 kcal = ______ cal

29. Measurement So let’s see if you can: 1. Explain the difference between the two types of _______________ 2. Give examples of 5 basic __ measuring units 3. Give examples of 3 different _________ units from the basic SI units 4. Vary the amounts of the SI measuring units with ___ different prefixes and define each 5. Explain the difference between mass and _______________ 6. List and explain 5 different units for _______________

30. Learning Check Match L) length M) mass V) volume ____ A. A bag of tomatoes is 4.6 kg. ____ B. A person is 2.0 m tall. ____ C. A medication contains 0.50 g Aspirin. ____ D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.

31. Learning Check What are some U.S. units that are used to measure each of the following? A. length B. volume C. weight D. temperature

32. Which Metric Prefix is Generally Used?

33. Learning Check 1. 1000 m = 1 ___a) mm b) km c) dm 2. 0.001 g = 1 ___ a) mg b) kg c) dg 3. 0.1 L = 1 ___a) mL b) cL c) dL 4. 0.01 m = 1 ___ a) mm b) cm c) dm

34. Learning Check Select the unit you would use to measure 1. Your height a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers 2. Your mass a) milligramsb) grams c) kilograms 3. The distance between two cities a) millimetersb) meters c) kilometers 4. The width of an artery a) millimetersb) meters c) kilometers