1. The Carajás Project

3. Carajás Project Type of land use Initial Results Aims Open cast mining
Building towns
Building infrastructure (890 km of railroad)
Initial Results
Deforestation
- Soil
- Vegetation
- Relief
- Climate
Money made for Brazil
Aims
To take Brazil out of debt
To mine deposits of iron ore (18 billion tonnes)
Plant plantations of trees

4. Facts about the Carajás Project
45 million tons of iron ore annually
1.5 millions tons of manganese
10,000 kilograms of gold
Eighteen billion tons of high-grade iron ore
Guaranteed production for another 400 years
Carajás is served by its own Airport
$23 million on environmental impact research

6. Effects the Carajas Project has had on People
Amazon Indians
Brazilian forests are home to 220,000 Indians from 170 different tribes
The population of Indians has dropped from 9m to 220,000 since 1500
Reasons include: Hollywood myth and El Dorado myth
A Brazilian politician said “We are going to create a policy of integrating the Indian population into the Brazilian society as quickly as possible. We think that the ideals of preserving the Indian population are beautiful ideas but very unrealistic.

7. Effects the Carajas Project has had on Local Environment
Soil
Humus decomposes faster than it forms
No litter to form humus
Climate
High temperatures.
Low rainfall
Relief
185 tonnes per hectare eroded by one storm
Silt eroded into rivers can kill water life
Vegetation
Extinction of species
Difficult for regeneration in harsh conditions

8. Effects the Carajas Project has had on Global Enviroment
Ozone layer
Sprays and chemicals are forming a hole in the Ozone layer. This hole allows UV light to enter the earth’s atmosphere
Green house effect
Carbon dioxide gas trapped in the atmosphere causes light and heat to be trapped in the earth’s atmosphere
Acid rain
Industrial waste from mining, transport etc can result in acid rain getting into vegetation and water killing aquatic life.
Extinction
Deforestation can lead to species becoming extinct. 20% of all living species have disappeared due to deforestation between 1975 and 2000

9. Solutions to Global Warming
Only radical long-term changes will solve the problem of global warming, caused by both the greenhouse effect and the hole in the Ozone. Countries need to come together and think about the effect they are having on the environment and implement a plan to rectify these problems together.