1. Pronunciation Some history Latin mottos
Welcome back to Latin 101
Pronunciation
Some history
Latin mottos

2. 1. Pronunciation Vowels, diphthongs, consonants arma virum canō Trōiae
quī
prīmus ab
ōrīs
fātō
vēnit
multum
iūs
nascor
ille et
terrīs
altō vī
saevae ob
īram
quoque
bellō
passus
lēx
vērō
dum
urbem
deōs
genus
unde
patrēs
atque
altae
Rōmae
Mūsa
mihi
spissō
inde
causās
quō
laesō
quidve
dolens
deum
tot
cāsūs
tantae
īrae
urbs
nātiō
hīs

3. 1. Pronunciation (cont.)
Word accent (for words of three syllables or more):
Rule: Accent the penult, unless the penult is short (in which case, accent the antepenult).
Long penult
Short penult
You decide:
iactātus
Latīnum
rēgīna
labōrō
tantaene
Albānīque
insignem
dēmonstrō
Ītaliam
profugus
lītora
superum
volvere
caelestibus
timeō
memorem
Iunōnis
conderet
moenia
labōrēs
animīs
dēbeō
spectantī
inferretque
itaque

4. 1. Pronunciation (cont.) Try this:
Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11
Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam, fātō profugus, Laviniaque vēnit lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō vī superum saevae memorem Iunōnis ob īram; multa quoque et bellō passus, dum conderet urbem, …

5. 1. Pronunciation (cont.) Try this (cont.):
Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11 (cont.)
inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum,
Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae.
Mūsa, mihi causās memorā, quō nūmine laesō, quidve dolens, rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs insignem pietāte virum, tot adīre labōrēs impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?

6. 1. Pronunciation Follow-up:
Compare some different approaches to pronunciation of Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11:
d.1.intro.html

7. 2. Some history Latin and English as Indo-European siblings

8. PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN: *w(e/o)in-o
2. Some history Latin and English as Indo-European siblings
PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN: *w(e/o)in-o
ITALIC
LATIN: vīnum
HELLENIC
GREEK: (w)oinos
GERMANIC
GERMAN: wein
ENGLISH: wine

9. 2. Some history Latin’s historical influence on English
LATIN: vīnea “vineyard”
FRENCH: vigne
ENGLISH: vine
LATIN: vītis
“grapevine”
cultūra “cultivation”
ENGLISH:
viticulture
GREEK: oinos “wine”
philos “loving”
oinophile

10. 2. Some history Latin: one of several ancient “Italic” languages
From Philip Baldi, Foundations of Latin

11. 2. Some history Borrowings from Greek into Latin
φιλοσοφͅία
θέρμαι
χορός
γραμματικός
γῦρος
μουσεῖον
στάδιον
σύν-θεσις
οὐσία
philosophia
thermae
chorus
grammaticus
gyrus
museum
stadium
Calques:
com-positio
essentia

12. 2. Some history A writing system adapted from the Greek

13. 2. Some history Latin: the language of the Romans
A fragment from the Annales of Ennius (early 2nd c. BCE):
mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virisque
The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men

14. 2. Some history Building a national language
Cicero, De oratore 1.144: ut pūrē et Latīnē loquāmur that we may speak purely and Latinly Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.1 Why have I decided to set forth (Greek) philosophy in Latin writing (litterīs Latīnīs)? Not because philosophy could not be comprehended in Greek writing and with Greek instructors, but rather because I have always believed that our ancestors either invented things on their own more wisely than the Greeks or improved the things they received from them (anything, that is, they deemed worth the effort).

15. 2. Some history A language of empire

16. 2. Some history Schematic timeline of Roman history and Latin authors
and-roman-history/

17. 3. Latin mottos Choose any three to memorize
1. mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virīsque (Ennius) The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men 2. ōrātor est, Marce fīlī, vir bonus dīcendī perītus (Cato the Censor) An orator, son Marcus, is a good man skilled at speaking. 3. Rem tenē, verba sequentur (Cato the Censor) Hold on to the topic: the words will follow.
4. felix qui potuit rērum cognoscere causās (Virgil)
Lucky (is he) who could learn the causes of things.
5. Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit (Horace)
Captured Greece captured her fierce conqueror.
6. parcere subiectīs et debellāre superbōs (Virgil)
To spare the submissive and crush the proud.

18. 3. Latin mottos A mix-n-match toolkit to make your own three-word motto
NB1—Be ready to dictate your motto to us at the next class-meeting! NB2—Standard word-order is subject-object-verb, but you can vary this order if you think it sounds better.
SUBJECTS
OBJECTS
VERBS
sapientia (wisdom)
fāma (reputation)
vir (a man)
fortūna (fortune)
amīcus (a friend)
bellum (war)
cōnsilium (stragegy)
dōnum (a gift)
nātūra (nature)
sol (the sun)
mare (the sea)
speciēs (appearance)
diēs (day/time)
sapientiam
fāmam
virum
fortūnam
amīcum
bellum
cōnsilium
dōnum
nātūram
sōlem
mare
speciem
diem
monstrat (shows)
amat (loves)
docet (teaches)
iuvat (helps)
optat (chooses)
superat (conquers)
aedificat (builds)
terret (scares)
portat (brings)
dat (gives)
ōdit (hates)
probat (proves)
interficit (kills)