1. Name: Michelle Wildman Instructor: Dr. Sharon O’Connor –Petruso Course: CBSE 7201 T Fall 2012/Spring2013

2.  Research Design ………………………………………..1  Threats to Internal Validity…………………………..2  Threats to External Validity…………………………..3  Proposed Data ……………………………………………4  Pre-Test/Post -Test Results……………………………5  Sample Questions from Questionnaire…………..6  Survey Results and Analysis…………………………..7-8  References…………………………………………………..9

3.  Pre-Experimental Design.  One group of 20 participants none randomly assigned because there is no control group.  Pre-Test (O) will be administered to participants before treatment(X) and a Post –Test (O)to determine the experiment’s success.  The symbolic design :OXO.

4.  History: Unforeseen events/ teacher or students absence.  Maturation: Students may loss interest in worksheet related activities as they will be exposed to worksheet activities over three months.  Testing/Pretesting Sensitization: Pre-Test offer a glimpse of what to look for on Post-Test.  Selection Maturation Interaction: Students attain different levels of literacy skills.

5.  Pre-Treatment: Participants may try to recall questions from the Pre-Test.  Experimenter Effects: Researcher may be bias in setting questions to indicate a high or low mean score.  Reactive Arrangements/Participants Effects: Hawthorn Effect : Participants may put out more effort on the tests knowing they are being tested.

6.  Pre/Post-Test consisting of similar literacy skills.  Students Worksheet  Students Survey

7. Pre-Test/Post-Test Results StudentsPre-TestPost-Test A4055 B3055 C7085 D8990 E6075 F4050 Average54.8333368.33333 Median79.587.5 Mode4055 Range5935

8.  Sufficient time was given for the Pre-Test Strongly Strongly Agree 5 Agree 4 Unsure 3 Agree 2 Disagree 1  Teacher Assist students with difficult worksheet task Always 5 Usually 4 Sometimes 3 Rarely 4 Never 1  Which subject worksheet is most effective in developing literacy skills _______________________ 

9. Survey Results & Analysis.749 indicates a strong positive correlation between the time given to do the pre-Test and the students’ scores on the pre-test.

10. Survey Results & Analysis.979 indicates a strong positive correlation between the classroom environment and the Pre-Test scores.

11. O’Connor-Petrusso, O. (2013). Descriptive Statistic Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://bbhos.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/frameset