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Intermission: Intermission: Plate Tectonics. National Oceanic and atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center.

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Presentation on theme: "Intermission: Intermission: Plate Tectonics. National Oceanic and atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center."— Presentation transcript:

1 Intermission: Intermission: Plate Tectonics

2 National Oceanic and atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center

3 Alfred Wegener

4 Evidence: (1) Continents Fit Together

5 Evidence: (2) Rocks & Structures Match Up

6

7

8 Evidence: (3) Glacial Features

9

10 Evidence: (4) Fossils

11 Pangea

12 Animation Link

13 “If we are to believe Wegener’s Hypothesis, we must forget everything which has been learned in the last 70 years and start over again.” –Critic of Continental Drift in 1928

14 Harry Hess

15 Evidence: Seafloor

16 Seafloor Spreading

17 Seafloor Age

18

19 Plate Tectonics

20 Earth’s “surface” (lithosphere) is broken into plates Plates move on asthenosphere “Geology happens” where the plates interact with one another Basic Plate Tectonics

21 What do we mean by the Outer Part of the Earth?

22 Three Layers: Based on Composition LayerComposition CrustRock: Felsic & Mafic MantleRock: Ultramafic CoreMetal: Iron & Nickel

23 Crustal Properties CrustDensityCompositionThicknessAge continental ~2.8 g/cm 3 Felsic Thick: 20-70 km Old: up to 4 Byrs oceanic ~3.2 g/cm 3 Mafic Thin: 2-10 km Young: <200 Mys

24 Five Layers: Based on Physical Properties Layer“State” LithosphereSolid / Rigid AsthenospherePartly Liquid / “Plastic” Lower MantleSolid Outer CoreLiquid Inner CoreSolid

25

26 Part #1 of Plate Tectonics Definition Earth’s “surface” is broken into rigid plates Surface = Lithosphere (includes Continental Lithosphere and Oceanic Lithosphere)

27 Part #2 of Plate Tectonics Definition Plates move… …on the “plastic” Asthenosphere …at about 1-10 cm/yr

28 Part #3 of Plate Tectonics Definition “Geology happens” where the plates interact with one another

29 Earthquake Distribution

30 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

31 Part #3 of Plate Tectonics Definition “Geology happens” where the plates interact with one another How do they interact? 1.Pull Apart from one another (Diverge) (New rock is formed) 2.Push into one another (Converge) (Rock is destroyed) 3.Slide past one another (Rock is conserved)

32 Divergent Boundary Results in the formation of Oceanic Crust

33 Examples:

34 Transform Boundary

35 Transform Example

36 San Andreas Fault

37 Convergent Boundary: Subduction Results in the formation & growth of Continental Crust and destruction of Oceanic Crust Melting Produces More Felsic Magma

38 Example: Pacific Northwest

39 Example: Andes Mountains

40 Convergent Boundary: Collision Results in the growth of Continental Crust

41 1.Earth’s lithosphere is broken into 12-24 rigid plates 2.Plates move about 1-10 cm/yr on the plastic Asthenosphere 3.“Geology happens” where the plates interact with one another along Divergent, Transform, Subduction and Collisional Boundaries Basic Plate Tectonics - Revised

42 What Drives Plate Tectonics? Internal Heat

43 Convection Models

44 Set the “Wayback Machine” to return to the Hadean… Return to Hadean ppt


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