1. Good Morning!!!! NVC Wrap-Up Ethiopian Resistance
Mali: Case Study in Paternalism
Essential Question: Should France have intervened in Mali in January 2013?

2. Battle of Adwa Prompt
What similarities and differences did you find between the three textbooks? Why do you think this is? After reading all three textbooks, why do you think the Ethiopians were able to defeat the Italians at Adwa? You do NOT need to use a quote, but be sure you explain WHY you think WHAT you think.
Be sure to address all three textbooks

3. Mansa Musa I of the Mali Empire
History of Mali
Mali home to two great Islamic empires from AD
Mali Empire
Capitol city Timbuktu
“a refuge of scholarly and righteous folk, a resting place of saints, and a meeting place of caravans”
Songhai Empire
Capitol city Gao
“The Songhai had great rulers, a powerful army, and countless numbers of territories that were under their ruling. The amount of territory they controlled was more than any other African empire to date."
Mansa Musa I of the Mali Empire

4. A French Colony
France given northwest Africa as part of Berlin Conference
Direct Control
Paternalism: France rules over Mali “for its own good”
“parent/child” relationship
Assimilation: Africans adopt French culture and become like the French

5. Modern Mali 1960 Mali gains independence from France
Struggles with military dictatorships
1991 March Revolution leads to democracy
January 2012 military coup d'état
in chaos radical Islamist groups take over 2/3 of Mali

6. January 11, 2013: France Intervenes

7. Should France have intervened?
Humanitarian Intervention
“Crusader” Paternalism
Prevented a violent terrorist takeover
Stopped Mali from becoming a failed State and breeding ground for terrorism
Radical Islamists were murdering and mutilating people
Including chopping off hands!
France’s goal is to strengthen Mali
We’re here to help this time! For realsies!
French imperialism helped create this problem in the first place
French oppression created radical resistance
France only interested in Mali because of natural resources (oil and uranium)
Its imperialism all over again!
More French Paternalism won’t create a strong government
Malians need to figure it out on their own

8. What do Malians think?