1. Chapter FOUR; Section THREE England After Elizabeth Elizabeth dies with no heir. James I, of Scotland, assumed the English throne, believed in divine right and clashed with Parliament. James I is responsible for the English translation of the Bible “the King James” version. Charles I inherits the throne in 1625 from his father, James I. Charles I was forced to sign the Petition of Right by Parliament which severely limited his power to rule by divine right. He just dissolves Parliament because of it. Charles I is the king responsible for the Puritans coming to the English colonies in America.

2. Beginnings of Civil War Charles I finally summoned Parliament in 1640 when he needed money. This Parliament is known as ‘Long Parliament’ because it lasted from 1640 to 1653. Radicals in Parliament have some of Charles’ advisors executed on grounds of treason. In 1642, Charles I leads troops into Parliament on horseback in an attempt to take over. This begins the English Civil War.

3. The English Civil War Lasts from 1642-1649; Cavaliers (supporters of Charles) vs. the Roundheads (Parliament and the remaining Puritans). The Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell. The Roundheads win and behead Charles I, Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and rules the country. When he dies, a newly elected Parliament restored the monarchy under Charles II, Charles I son (a.k.a. the Merry Monarch). This period is known as the Restoration.

4. Charles II was a popular ruler; supporter of the arts. Brother of Charles II, James II, inherited the throne in 1685. He was an open Catholic and not equipped to be king. His son-in-law and daughter, William and Mary of the Netherlands, took over the throne in a nonviolent manner in 1688. This is known as the Glorious Revolution.

5. In Class Activity Create an annotated chart or diagram portraying English rulers from 1509 to 1688 (will start with Henry VIII). For each ruler you should provide: The name of the ruler The dates of the ruler’s reign A description of the ruler’s significant policies or actions (more than just a word or two!!!) You can design the timeline however you see fit…make sure it includes everything above! You will have to use logic and reasoning to determine the time frame for each leader. Use pages 66-69 for the first FOUR leaders. Use pages 154-161 for the last SIX leaders.