1. 2.2 Enlightenment Ideas Spread

2. New Ideas Challenge Society ► Ideas were spreading all over Europe by pamphlet and works such as Diderot’s Encyclopedia ► Began to question divine-right rule and became interested in social justice

3. Writers Face Censorship ► Censorship- restricting access to ideas or information ► Philosophers would disguise their work as fiction. Voltaire’s Candid is the best example.

4. Question Time! ► How did governments restrict access to information? ► How did the philosophers avoid this censorship? ► What is divine right rule?

5. Ideas Spread in Salons ► Salons- informal gatherings where philosophers, writers and artists gathered to exchange ideas

6. Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas: From Grandeur to Charm ► Before the Enlightenment the baroque style of art was dominant. ► Baroque-A grand, ornate style of art ► During the Enlightenment rococo took over ► Rococo-Light, elegant, and charming style

7. Baroque vs. Rococo

9. The Enlightenment Inspires Composers ► Church music-heavy and grand had been the style ► Classical music took root during this time ► Bach, Handel, Hayden and Mozart were some of the early classical masters ► Middle class could afford to pay for musicians to perform, only the social elite could have before

10. Question Time ► How did music and art change? ► Why did the new middle class emerge as the new audience?

11. Enlightened Despots Embrace New Ideas ► Enlightened Despot- absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change

12. Frederick II Attempts Reform ► Known as Frederick the Great he was King of Prussia ► Brought about a free press in his country ► Religious freedom- “In my kingdom, everyone can go to heaven in their own fashion.” ► Reorganized government for efficiency

13. Catherine the Great Studies Philosophes’ Works ► Empress of Russia ► Abolished torture, Religious tolerance ► But both Catherine and Frederick did not give up power

14. Joseph II Continues Reform ► Emperor of the Hapsburg Empire (Austria-Hungary) ► Religious equality for Jews and Protestants ► Free press ► Abolished Serfdom ► Many of his reforms were cancelled after he died

15. Lives of the Majority Change Slowly ► Enlightenment Ideas were slow to hit the general population of the time ► Eventually it would spark change…

16. Question Time! ► Where did most people live during the Enlightenment? ► Why would it take so long for the lives of those people to change?`

17. Enlightenment Ideas Spread

18. Major Enlightened Despots Enlightened Despots