1. Beyond Spectral and Spatial data: Exploring other domains of information: 4 GEOG3010 Remote Sensing and Image Processing Lewis RSU

2. Domains of Information spectral angular multi-temporal distance-resolved spatial

3. Distance-resolved Can determine distance from satellites: –based on time-delay of signal

4. Distance-resolved Can determine distance from satellites: –based on time-delay of signal

5. Distance-resolved eg GPS

6. Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry

7. Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry: assume know satellite position 1 cycle (5.6 cm for C band) ¾ way through half cycle (¾ + 1)x180 = 315 degrees (360 degrees, 2  radians) ¾ way through 270 degrees 2 x d 1 = (N 1 +¾)x5.6

8. Distance-resolved EO example: –radar interferometry: 0 way through 2 x d 2 = (N 2 ) x 5.6 2 x (d 2 - d 1 ) = (N 2 - N 1 ) x 5.6 + (¾-0) x 5.6

9. Distance-resolved EO example: position 1: –2 x (d 2 - d 1 ) = (N 2 - N 1 ) x 5.6 + (¾-0) x 5.6 position 2: –point on ground next to current point will have different phase change –if its within the same cycle (height change less than 5.6cm) can tell relative height change between these points very precise (mm)

10. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

11. 11 Feb 2000 (Endeavour) - 11 days 30m DEM of +/- 60 degrees latitude

15. Distance- resolved Measure small change - subsidence

16. Distance- resolved Measure small change - earthquake

17. Distance-resolved LIght Detection And Ranging RAdio Detection And Ranging LIDAR RADAR

18. Distance-resolved LIDAR Send laser pulse from sensor measure round trip time = 2x distance use NIR mostly –atmospheric effects minimised

19. Distance-resolved LIDAR Examples - EA fly aiborne LIDAR regularly for high resolution DEM use first/last return ground height / tree height

20. Distance-resolved - LIDAR

21. Distance-resolved LIDAR Examples - VCL Vegetation Canopy LIDAR NASA mission to fly ???? waveform LIDAR

22. Distance-resolved VCL waveform LIDAR

23. Distance-resolved waveform LIDAR

25. LIDAR ‘Simple’ form of measurement easy to use (? Simply) doesn’t work (well) on high slopes requires highly-sensitive instrumentation potentials for new forms of information –waveform LIDAR

26. Interferometry Used for number of years –operational (SRTM) different ‘scales’ for different SAR frequencies doesn’t work well (for height) if change between images –wind in forests doesn’t work on high slopes