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DNA Fingerprinting 1.How do we do it ? 2. What do we use it for?
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DNA Fingerprinting – How it’s done... 1. DNA has two complementary strands
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2. Extract DNA from cells – e.g. A blood sample containing white blood cells
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3. Isolate DNA from cells & cut up DNA using enzymes
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4. Heat DNA = single strands
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5. Gene probe made = single strand complementary to part of DNA A fluorescent marker is added to it
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6. Gene probe mixed with DNA sample Probe binds to complementary base sequence that is being looked for
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7. DNA & probe is separated using gel electrophoresis Smaller fragments travel further through the gel 50 second animation – gel electrophoresis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c
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8. UV Light shone on sample – locates fragments with fluorescent marker Smaller fragments travel further through the gel
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Uses of DNA Fingerprinting
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DNA Fingerprinting Naked Science video 5 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxWXCT9wVoI Slightly more involved video 6 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=DbR9xMXuK7c
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Nanotechnology 1.How small is a nanometre? 2.Size-wise....What could you compare it to?
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1 millionth of a mm!
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1.Use particles around 100 nanometres long/wide. About the same size as some molecules. 2.Human hair is 100 thousand nanometres in diameter! Nanotechnology
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1.Silver particles embedded in plastic reduce microbial growth 2. Food wrapping films that change colour e.g. when; Antibodies react with bacteria in food Nanoparticles react with oxygen – sign of damage Ripening fruit release gases Nanotechnology
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1.Used to treat leukaemia – cancer of blood or bone marrow 2.Have potential to treat spinal cord injuries 3.In future, may be used to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes. Stem Cells (B1 & B5)
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1. Replace heart valves Biomedical Engineering BUPA animation – 3 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkW1smPoXKA
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1.Artificial pacemakers in heart Biomedical Engineering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjW5- pU0nBs
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