1. Gene Bank Biodiversity for Wheat Prebreeding
Sukhwinder Singh
Wheat-Lead, Seeds of Discovery (SeeD)
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico DF, Mexico
seedsofdiscovery.org/wheat/
IWC- Sept., 22, 2015
Posters # P083 & P085

2. Why Use Gene Bank Biodiversity?
1. Pre-green revolution era
Next generation variety = Climate resilience + Yield + Input efficient ?
3. Climate change era
2. Green revolution era

3. An Inclusive Approach at CIMMYT: SeeD-Wheat
Trait focus
Genetic Resources +
Genomics tools
= Pre breeding
Stress tolerance
Quality
Synergistic approach: Capture value of germplasm resources through genomics
Genomics
Genetic resources
Bottlenecks in conventional breeding
Improve efficiency
Enhance precision
Mobilize gene bank for novel variation
Exploit
Transgressive segregation
Recombination

4. Gene Bank to Breeding Pipeline
(A) Diversity analysis
(B) Core set development
Phenotype
(Heat, Drought, Quality)
Michoacán: Rare allele hot spot
GBS profiling
(20K SNPs)
8000 Mexican landraces
(E) Pre-breeding
(D) Trait donor identification
(C) Core set evaluation
Heat, Drought
Diseases, Quality
Large-scale efforts to move useful gene bank diversity to breeding pipelines

5. CIMMYT SeeD-Wheat: Genetic and Genomic Resources
Diversity profiles
Global wheat diversity in process
GBS map
28K wheat GBS map
Characterization
Large-scale germplasm characterization
Core sets
Core set of wheat landraces
Trait donors
Donors for heat, drought, diseases & quality
GWAS
GWAS for heat, drought, diseases & quality
Novel alleles
LTP resource
Large scale prebreeding for impact delivery
New alleles for adaptive traits
These are some practical outputs of SeeD-Wheat project.

6. Genomics of Gene Bank Accessions
Rare allele variation in Mexican wheat landraces
Value of a gene bank resides in rare allelic variations and captured by high density genome sequencing

7. Exploring Gene Bank for Heat Tolerance
Mexican landraces with grain yield advantge upto 250 g m-2 under heat stress (Cd. Obregón, México)
PCA
Control: Elite bread wheat (Sokoll), 186 g m-2
Tolerant Mexican landraces (YELLOW)
Tolerant Iranian landraces (RED)
Elite lines (BLUE & GREEN)

8. Screening Gene Bank for Yellow Rust
Accession / Pedigree
Yr (%) in Mexico
Yr (%) in India
CHIH 20 10
CHIH
DGO95.3.8
OAX 5
Susceptible check
100
Yellow rust resistant wheat landraces
Association mapping for yellow rust in wheat landrace .

9. Screening Gene Bank for Biofortification Evaluation for Zn content
Number of genotypes
Evaluation for Zn content
Grain Zn concentration (ppm)
GWAS for Zn content

10. Wheat Prebreeding at CIMMYT
1000 Linked top cross populations
Outcomes:
8,000 advanced lines selected under heat, drought, and for plant type
Product ready for multi-location evaluation
Genetic populations to accelerate gene discovery
Check spelling for dicoccon?
Unique and large scale systematic efforts made in wheat pre breeding to “DIVERSIFY THE BREDING GERMPLASM POOL”. Wheat pre-breeding in CIMMYT is a unique effort ongoing in ‘Seeds of discovery’ project. This year (2015) we are sending our material to NARS breeding pipelines.
In addition to develop material for product delivery genetic resource are also being developed.

11. Prebreeding Populations: Exotics and Elites
FIGS
Landraces from:
Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India
ICARDA
FIGS material screened at ICARDA for heat and drought tolerance
CIMMYT
Mexican landraces
Primary synthetics
Historical breeding lines from CIMMYT
AUSTRALIA
Collections from different parts of the world, adapted to hot environments of Australia
Elites: CIMMYT’s best 25 elite genotypes
FIGS: Focus Identification Germplasm Strategy

12. Diversity Profiles of Gene Bank Accessions
General genetic diversity
Functional diversity
Elites
Exotics
(FIGS, Australian hot, primary synthetics)
Outcome:
Panel of exotics crossed with multiple elites for developing bridging germplasm

13. Prebreeding Product for Breeding Pipelines
8K prebreeding lines selected after screening for heat, drought, input efficient and plant type

14. LTPs: Resource for Genomics-assisted Breeding
4,000 Topcross-derived fixed lines
Remaining lines
Select 40% of the lines
Apply GS model to lines
Genotype and phenotype the training set, develop GS model
Make F2 and F3 populations
Select lines with high GEBV and intercross
Validate and advance
Identify lines with positive alleles
Product delivery in three years

15. Wheat Prebreeding: Path to Delivery
Exotics
synthetics, landraces, FIGS x
Elite
Segregating population
Obregon
H, D, Yield
CIMMYT
Selection
Toluca
Rusts, plant type
El Batan
Diseases, input use
Screening in target environments - Mexico, South Asia, Africa
NARS
Introgress into breeding germplasm to develop varieties
FARMERS

16. SeeD-Wheat Synergies Genebanks SeeD DRRW, Harvest+ IWYP, HEDWIC
Partnerships with trait-specific projects: Population development for genetic analysis and pre-breeding
Partnerships with genebanks: Germplasm characterization
Genetic diversity
SeeD
Systematically mobilizing new
Diversity
Country-specific projects (WISP, BREADWHEAT)
Strategic research
Genomics, Phenomics
DRRW, Harvest+
Rust,
nutritional
quality
IWYP, HEDWIC
Yield potential;
heat/drought tolerance
Cultivar development
At CIMMYT and elsewhere

17. Summary and Path Forward
Wide variation identified for agronomic and quality traits, as well as disease resistance
More than 1,000 exotic accessions subjected to prebreeding
8,000 advanced germplasm lines ready for use in breeding pipelines
Trait donors identified and shared with the breeders for introgression into elite germplasm
GBS characterization of 50, ,000 (CIMMYT+ICARDA gene banks) accessions completed and ready to be placed in public domain
Core collections of landraces available
Potential linkage being developed with NARS to deliver impact at farmers’ fields \

18. We acknowledge CIMMYT researchers and collaborators for their contributions