1. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in China Jian-Hui Liang MD, Ph.D National Institute on Drug Dependence Peking University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China

2. China has a long history of drinking alcohol Drinking alcohol in Chinese society acts as a “bridge” in inter-personal communication With the rapid development of economy, the production and consumption of alcohol in China have greatly increased

3. Epidemiology on alcohol abuse in China

4. 23513 subjects in six regions of China were investigated DSM- Ⅲ -R criteria and structural questionairs were used

5. The drinking-related subjects were divided into three groups: Alcohol intoxication in the past six months Problem drinking subjects Alcohol dependence subjects

6. Prevalence of alcohol intoxication in the past six months The total : 2.637% ( 620/23513 ) The male : 5.162% ( 618/11972 ) The female : 0.017% ( 2/11541 ) The male > the female

7. Problem drinking prevalence The total : 7.03% ( 1653/23513 ) The male : 13.6% ( 1629/11972 ) The female : 0.208% ( 24/11541 ) The male > the female

8. Alcohol dependence prevalence The total : 3.428% ( 806/23513 ) The male : 6.632% ( 794/11972 ) The female : 0.104% ( 12/11541 ) The male > the female

9. Comparison of alcohol dependence between 1982 and 1998

10. Alcohol-related damage in alcohol dependence subjects

11. Physical damage Gastrointestinal disorders 18.9% Sexual dysfunction 7.3 % Liver diseases 6.1 % Cardiovascular diseases 5.8 % Chronic pancreatitis 3.9 % Peripheral neuropathy 2.0 %

12. Social damage Marital and family tension 57.8% Co-worker’s tension 49.0% Accidents 17.5% Violent behavior 16.9% Unemployment 7.3%

13. Alcohol-related psychiatric disorders Acute intoxication 2.637% Alcoholic withdrawal syndrome 0.434% Delirium tremens 0.043% Dementia 0.072% Amnesia 0.128% Personal disorders 0.119% Alcoholic hallucinosis 0.077%

14. Summary ( Ⅰ ) The total prevalence of alcohol dependence in Chinese population : 3.428% Physical damage : gastrointestinal disorders (18.9%) Social damage: marital and family tension (57.8%) Mental damage: acute alcohol intoxication (2.637%)

15. Alcohol drinking behavior in Chinese adolescents

16. Comparison of drinking alcohol over the past month in the students of different schools

17. Comparison of drinking alcohol in the past month in the students of different schools

18. Comparison of drinking alcohol to intoxication in the past month in the students of different schools

19. Summary ( Ⅱ ) The students in occupational schools are the most important target crew to control drinking alcohol behavior.

20. Alcohol dependence and gene-related polymorphism in Chinese population

21. Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetate *ADH : alcohol dehydrogenase **ALDH : acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ADH * ALDH **

22. The phenotype of ADH gene ADH1 ADH2 ( polymorphism ) ADH3 ( polymorphism ) ADH4 ADH5 The phenotype of ALDH gene ALDH1 ALDH2 ( polymorphism )

23. Alcohol dependence and ADH polymorphism in Han ethnic group

24. Alcohol dependence and ALDH polymorphism in Han ethnic group P < 0.01

25. Alcohol dependence and ADH polymorphism in Mongolian ethnic group P < 0.01

26. Alcohol dependence and ALDH polymorphism in Mongolian ethnic group

27. Alcohol dependence and ADH polymorphism in Korea ethnic group

28. Alcohol dependence and ALDH polymorphism in Korea ethnic group P < 0.01

29. Alcohol dependence and ADH polymorphism in Elunchun ethnic group P < 0.01

30. Alcohol dependence and ALDH polymorphism in Elunchun ethnic group P < 0.05

31. Correlation between alcohol dependence and ADH/ALDH genes in different ethnic population of China Ethnic groupADHALDH Han_ALDH2 MongolianADH2_ Korea_ALDH2 ElunchunADH3ALDH2

32. Conclusion Alcohol abuse and alcoholism in China have increasingly become a very serious social and important public health problem.

33. Acknowledgement A/Prof. Xian-xiang Lv Ms Rong Han Ms Yan-ping Sun Prof. Wei Hao Prof. Yu-cun Shen A/Prof. Jian-hua Fang Dr. Feng Wei Dr. Chun-yan Luo

34. Thank you for your attention