1. 1 4.6 Utilization of Forest Resources By Lester Green Smallwood Academy Gambo

2. 2 4.6.1 Compare the terms clear- cutting and selective cutting. Clear-cutting  Harvesting of all timber and unwanted species.  It leaves only stumps and rubbish on the ground.

3. 3 4.6.1 Continued… Selective cutting Harvesting of selected trees individual or small groups of mature trees are cut, leaving most of forest intact. Often carried out in deciduous forest or mixed species and age.

4. 4.6.1 continued… 4

5. 5 4.6.2 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Clear-cutting: Advantages  Most rapid method  Most economical  Least dangerous Clear-cutting: Disadvantages  Trees removed/burned  Ecosystem struggles to recover  Habitat destroyed  Soil more easily eroded

6. 6 4.6.2 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Selective Cutting Advantages  Younger trees grow to maturity  Far less ecological disruptive Selective Cutting Disadvantages  Yields are lower  More expensive  Access roads must be maintained

7. 7 4.6.3 Major threats to forest resources. Deforestation (see #7 p. 163) agricultural land housing needs mineral deposits hydro-electric development

8. 4.6.3 continued… Forest Fires Insects (spruce budworm, hemlock looper) 8

9. 9 4.6.4 Examine strategies for a sustainable forestry  Limiting clear-cut plots  Skyline Yarding system (case study p. 166)  Use of Helicopters  Reseeding/ better refrigeration for seeds  Limit number of trees per hectare  Secondary processing to increase employment

10. 10 4.6.5 Evaluate a position taken on a given argument about timber harvesting. See question # 11, p. 169 Case Study: Clearcutting Controversy

11. 11 4.6.6 Infer a relationship between climate and the extent of forest cover. Tundra region to cold with frozen soil and small amounts of precipitation Desert regions to hot and small amounts of precipitation Grassland regions not enough precipitation to support any amount of tree growth Percentage of forest cover fig 10.1, p. 162

12. 12 4.6.6 continued… Three regions with forest cover 1. Boreal Forest Region  Cold, moist climatic region with short growing season.  Evergreen coniferous (needle-leaf) such as spruce, fir, pine, etc..  Location…across North America and Eurasia

13. 13 4.6.6 continued… Three regions with forest cover 2. Deciduous Forest Region  Temperate climatic area with cool and moist conditions.  Loose leafs during winter months  Broadleaf trees…examples oak, maple, birch, etc.  Location…W Canada, W & S USA, W Europe, SE Asia

14. 14 4.6.6 continued… Three regions with forest cover 3. Tropical Rainforest Regions  Equatorial region with hot and moist climatic conditions  Evergreen broadleaf such as teak, mahogany  Location…NE South America, India, SE Asia, Indonesia, Africa, etc. (tropical regions)

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16. 16 4.6.7 Analyze global patterns in the depletion of forest resources See fig 10.2, p. 164