1. INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY

3. JOURNAL #2 DUE FRIDAY! "I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and I love today." - William Allen White 1.What does this quote mean to you? 2.How is our past, present, and future intertwined? 3.How does this relate to psychology?

5. SOOOOO….WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? What can we study??? What do you want to learn more about???

6. PSYCHOLOGY 1.Scientific study 2.Behavior 3.Mental processes

7. BASIC VS. APPLIED BASIC  done just to increase the scientific knowledge base of psychology APPLIED  intended to solve practical problems **Real life examples???

9. HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Greeks?  abnormal behavior was punishment by the gods Early focus – Gods in control; later focus on natural world “…our knowledge of the world is only learned through the sense organs…all human knowledge is necessarily subjective and will differ from individual to individual (Cohen, 2011).” Hippocrates  4 humors 1. black bile 2. yellow bile 3. blood 4. phelgm Middle Ages  possession by demons – to sink or float??

10. WHO IS THE “FATHER” OF PSYCHOLOGY?? Wilhelm Wundt – 1 st psychology lab at the University of Leipzig (1879) - introspection: looking inward Edward Titchener – Wundt’s student - structuralism: understand the structure of conscious experience; the basic building blocks of consciousnesss

11. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Max Weitheimer - emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes - “the whole is different from the sum of its parts”

14. WILLIAM JAMES -1 st American psychologist -Wrote the 1 st psychology textbook (1890) “Principles of Psychology” -Functionalism: consciousness helps us adapt to and function in our surroundings Sooooo…….we develop useful habits because they help us function more effectively in our daily lives - washing your hands before eating

16. SIGMUND FREUD - Psychoanalysis: attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflict -Stereotypical views of therapists draw upon notions surrounding Freud TWO Main Differences from other approaches: 1.Focus on abnormal behavior supposedly due to unconscious drives and conflicts stemming from early childhood 2.Relied on personal observation and reflection NOT experimentation “Do you want to study for tomorrow’s kizz??”

17. ANOTHER SHIFT IN THOUGHT… -Ivan Pavlov  Shift toward observable behavior - classic studies on animal learning (more about this in the Learning modules!!!) “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of human behavior.” (Watson, 1913) -John B. Watson  focusing on consciousness is unscientific - behaviorism: theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors not mental processes - B. F. Skinner  shifted behaviorism to focus on learning through rewards and observation; reinforcement

18. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY -Emphasized conscious experience as the proper focus of psychology -Humans have free will in decision-making and strive for self-actualization, the reaching of their true potential Carl Rogers  client-centered therapy stressing acceptance and genuiness Abraham Maslow  proposed the hierarchy of needs

19. JEAN PIAGET -Developmental psychologist -Developed stages of cognitive development How much do babies really understand? Can children lie?

20. GROUNDBREAKERS IN PSYCH G. Stanley Hall  1 st American to receive PhD in psychology’ 1 st lab in US at John Hopkins University; 1 st president of APA Mary Whiton Calkins  1 st woman to complete requirements for PhD in psychology but denied (Harvard); 1 st president of the APA Margaret Floy Washburn  1 st female to receive PhD in psychology (Cornell) Francis Cecil Sumner  1 st African-American to receive a PhD in psychology (19200 Inez Beverly Prosser  1 st African-American female to earn a PhD in psychology (1933 – U of Cincinnati) Kenneth Clark & Mamie Phipps Clark  educational psychologists whose research was presented in Brown v. Board of Education

21. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Cognitive Biological Social-cultural Behavioral Humanistic Psychodynamic

23. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY Behavior genetics: focus on how much our genes and environment influence our individual differences Evolutional psychology: combines biological, psychological, and social aspects of human behavior to study behaviors that helped our ancestors survive Positive psychology: Martin Seligman; focus on wellness and on healthy people reaching their full potential; scientifically based unlike humanistic psych What are your STRENGTHS????