1. Equine Muscular System

2. Function of the Muscular System
Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system
Important in life support
Used by some humans for food
Ask students why we need the muscular system before going over this slide.

3. Classifications of Muscles
Voluntary
Movement of the muscle is under the control of the animal
Involuntary
Movement of the muscle is not controlled by the animal
Ask students if the following are voluntary or involuntary: Heart (cardiac), lungs (involuntary), bicep (voluntary), big toe muscles (voluntary)

4. Types of Muscles Smooth Muscles
Involuntary muscles, found in the walls of internal organs and the blood vessels.
Fibers are under involuntary control and appear spindle-shaped.
Additional definitions: Flexor: decreases the angle between two bones when it contracts (biceps)
Extensors: Increases the angle between two bones when it contracts (triceps)

5. Types of Muscles Cardiac Muscles
Muscles that form a network to make up the heart.
Additional definitions: Flexor: decreases the angle between two bones when it contracts (biceps)
Extensors: Increases the angle between two bones when it contracts (triceps)

6. Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscles:
Have a striped appearance, include voluntary and involuntary, attached to and moves your bones.
This is a majority of the muscle tissue in your body.
Additional definitions: Flexor: decreases the angle between two bones when it contracts (biceps)
Extensors: Increases the angle between two bones when it contracts (triceps)

7. The Muscle System Brachiocephalicus Deltoidus
located in the neck, running from the head to the humerus, allows the foreleg to move forward and effects movement in the shoulder,
such as when the horse is in collection, the shoulder is raised.
Deltoidus 
located over the shoulder, begins at the scapula and runs down to the humerus, enables flexion of the foreleg.

8. Brachiocephalicus
Deltoidus

9. The Muscle System Triceps Brachii Pectoralis
involves 3 muscle strands, it is the most important muscle that extends the elbow.  
The 3 strands run from the scapula and humerus into the ulna at the top of the forearm.
Pectoralis 
Goes from the sternum to the humerus.  This is one of the 4 muscles that make up the Pectorals.

10. Triceps Brachii
Pectoralis

11. The Muscle System External Obliquus Abdominis Trapezius
The largest of the abdominal muscles, running backwards
This muscle aids flexion of the back, and assists in exhaling.  
Trapezius 
Located in the neck and is a wide muscle of 2 bands that start on the top side of the neck and run down to the shoulder area.  
These muscles help to raise the shoulder.

12. Trapezius
External Obliquus Abdominis

13. The Muscle System Latissimus Dorsi Quadreceps Femoris
Supports the back, helps to pull the body forward during movement.  Runs from the top of the back forward to the shoulder and humerus.
Quadreceps Femoris 
Located in the hind quarters and has 4 strands of muscle, working together they help with extension of the stifle joint and flexion of the hip.

14. Quadraceps Femoris
Latissimus Dorsi

15. The Muscle System Superficial Gluteal
runs across the hip and down to the femur.  
This muscle that enables flexion of the hip and the forward movement of the joint. 
 It is a thick and fleshy muscle, which gives the shape of the croup.  
Used in kicking and rearing movements.

16. Superficial Gluteal

17. The Muscle System Biceps Femoris Deep Digital Flexor
Is located in the hind quarters, allows the hind leg to extend,  allows abduction of the leg, and such movements as rearing and kicking. 
Deep Digital Flexor
Is part of 3 strands of muscle in the hind leg, joining the humerus and the bones of the lower leg, it extends the elbow, and flexes the carpus and lower leg.

18. Biceps Femoris
Deep Digital Flexor

19. Equine Anatomy Muscular System
The muscular system provides movement both internally and externally.
Muscles are the active organs of motion and are characterized by their property of contracting or changing shape when stimulated.
Each muscle is supplied by one or more nerves that bring commands from the brain to make it contract.

20. Equine Anatomy Muscular System
Muscles compose about 50 percent of the total body weight.
The muscle system is made up of three types of muscles
smooth or involuntary,
cardiac or involuntary striated, and
striated or skeletal muscle.

22. Myopathies/Myositides
diseases that primarily cause damage to muscles. They may be present at birth (congenital) or occur due to nutritional imbalances, injury, or ingestion of a poisonous substance.
Myositides
diseases that produce a mainly inflammatory reaction in muscle. Common causes include infections, parasitic diseases, and immune-mediated conditions.

23. Myopathies/Myositides
Immune-mediated Myositis
Fibrotic and Ossifying Myopathy in Quarter Horses
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Rhabdomyolysis
Steatitis
Selenium or Vitamin E Deficiency

24. Project Pick one of the Diseases on the power point and research it
Have the following
Etiology/Pathology/Epidemiology
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control/Prevention
Poster / Paper/ Presentation
Present in class
You will be teaching the class about the disease
5-10 minutes long
150 points