1. Offenses to Images…..continued Destruction & Loss as Forms of Communication (“preserving what is valued” also may destruction & loss of what is NOT valued) Destruction & Loss as Forms of Communication (“preserving what is valued” also may destruction & loss of what is NOT valued) Discussion of term assignments, handing out quizzes & short reports Discussion of term assignments, handing out quizzes & short reports

2. Social Studies of the Rejection and Destruction of Artworks-- Moving beyond Vandalism and Iconoclasm to an analysis of the diverse meanings of the rejection of artworks--

3. Identity issues in the practice of the arts Inclusion/cohesion Inclusion/cohesion –Art as expression of identity, difference (distinction) exclusion exclusion –Discriminatory Dimensions of Artistic Practices & Institutions –Censorship and/or Democratization

4. Censorship as an outcome of democratization artists’ (& minority publics’) rights to artists’ (& minority publics’) rights to – “self-expression” or –freedom of speech (1st Amendment) VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards issues-- what standards, whose standards? issues-- what standards, whose standards?

5. Key issues in Democratization debates public’s rights & public funding (access,control, taste) public’s rights & public funding (access,control, taste) “levels” of knowledge & tastes “levels” of knowledge & tastes artist’s rights & responsibility to be “leaders” in society artist’s rights & responsibility to be “leaders” in society

6. Diversity & Activism : Why? To raise public awareness To raise public awareness Fund-raising Fund-raising political & legal change political & legal change

7. Debates about Arts activities for populations “at risk”? Arts for arts sake? Arts for arts sake? “emancipatory self expression”? “emancipatory self expression”? social service? social service? –Arts for Moral improvement? Carceral methods? (comfort, reform, “normalize”) –Arts and healing?r propaganda? propaganda?

8. Rejection and Destruction of Artworks-- diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks— diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks—

9. Forms of destruction & loss of artistic heritage Neglect Neglect Unplanned degeneration Unplanned degeneration Accidents Accidents War War ‘progress’ ‘progress’ Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists or creators) Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists or creators) Iconoclasm & vandalism Iconoclasm & vandalism

10. Impermanent materials

11. Ephemeral Art (ex. Land Art)

12. New Approaches to Multiples: Bruce Nauman’s neons

13. Why isn’t everything kept? --The social context of collective memory Personal (family) Networks & Values Personal (family) Networks & Values Community-based criteria Community-based criteria Other factors (sometimes concurrent) Other factors (sometimes concurrent) –Scholarly –Political –Economic –Moral & ethical –Class-based (elite, popular) agendas etc…. Variations in meaning over time Variations in meaning over time

14. Vandalism vs. iconoclasm Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs – Ex. Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan completed March 12, 2002 Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan

15. Fuseli: Artist weeping in despair …. diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks Vandalism vs. Iconoclasm Vandalism vs. Iconoclasm Vandalists: ignorant, senselessVandalists: ignorant, senseless Iconoclasts: deliberate opposition, “rationale” grounded in system of valuesIconoclasts: deliberate opposition, “rationale” grounded in system of values

16. Iconoclasm-- Religious Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs – Ex. Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan completed March 12, 2002 Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan

17. Iconoclasm: Afghanistan Buddha (partly destroyed)

18. Close-up Afghanistan Buddha (bombing)

19. Iconoclasm—Political :Stalin

20. Iconoclasm: Unitas

21. Vandalism Senseless Senseless –Vandals as idiots –Goya: No sabe que hace

22. Lesueur Vandals as silly

23. Censorship and controversies as social “devices” for recognition Case study: Rachel Whiteread’s 1993 House and the awarding of the “X- prize”

24. “House” & 1993 Turner Prize

25. X-prize JAMS, Kopyright Liberation Front (KLF)K Foundation, --Jimmy Cuaty & --Jimmy Cuaty & Bill Drummond Bill Drummond -Brit Awards -Brit Awards

26. X-prize ads

27. Armoured cars

28. X-prize award night

29. Award night

30. more

31. Actual prize

32. Meaning of prize Mocking? Mocking? –contemporary art –competition system –Authority of judges –Money vs. sincerity –Value of particular artwork Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials) Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials)

33. Cauty earlier work

34. Reputations & controversy Whiteread: young artist, strong career since

35. Interior before casting

36. Whiteread working on site

37. Completed work– distance shot

38. Social Issues/contradictions Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats

39. Another view

40. Publicity & book Critics Discourse– Critics Discourse– Aesthetics Aesthetics links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) Feminist metaphor etc. Feminist metaphor etc.

41. British fondness of home Wind in the Willows image Wind in the Willows image

42. Is it art criticism?

43. Public Outrage

44. Mocking newstories

45. Squatters

46. Graffiti/Vandalism Homes for all Homes for all black and white black and white

47. Paint splash

48. Incomprehension (budget house)

49. Destruction of House

50. Destruction

51. Social “functions” of controversy & destruction In this example: In this example: Recognition processes in art worlds Recognition processes in art worlds –reputation of artists– but 2 different “aesthetics” techno- rave music world & high culture visual art world –Value of works (effect of prizes, important collector Saatchi etc.) Opportunities for public engagement— Opportunities for public engagement— –Debates about key issues Poverty, homelessness etc. Poverty, homelessness etc. Internationally Internationally –Varied debates: Status of different national groups, questions of world heritage vs. community or national basis for “ownership”

52. Subsequent success of artist Whiteread In museums In museums

53. Prestigous commissions; Holocaust memorial

54. Musicians Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup

55. Case Study about censurship and controversies (Rachel Whiteread’s 1993 House and the awarding of the “X- prize”)

56. “House” & 1993 Turner Prize

57. X-prize JAMS, Kopyright Liberation Front (KLF)K Foundation, --Jimmy Cuaty & --Jimmy Cuaty & Bill Drummond Bill Drummond -Brit Awards -Brit Awards

58. X-prize ads

59. Armoured cars

60. X-prize award night

61. Award night

62. more

63. Actual prize

64. Meaning of prize Mocking? Mocking? –contemporary art –competition system –Authority of judges –Money vs. sincerity –Value of particular artwork Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials) Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials)

65. Cauty earlier work

66. Reputation s & controvers y Whiteread: young artist, strong career since

67. Interior before casting

68. Whiteread working on site

69. Completed work– distance shot

70. Social Issues/contradictions Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats

71. Another view

72. Publicity & book Critics Discourse– Critics Discourse– Aesthetics Aesthetics links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) Feminist metaphor etc. Feminist metaphor etc.

73. British fondness of home Wind in the Willows image Wind in the Willows image

74. Is it art criticism?

75. Public Outrage

76. Mocking newstories

77. Squatters

78. Graffiti/Vandalism Homes for all Homes for all black and white black and white

79. Paint splash

80. Incomprehension (budget house)

81. Destruction of House

82. Destruction

83. Social “functions” of controversy Within art worlds Within art worlds –reputation of artists– but 2 different “aesthetics” techno- rave music world & high culture visual art world –Value of works (effect of prizes, important collector Saatchi etc.) In society— In society— –Debates about key issues Poverty, homelessness etc. Poverty, homelessness etc. Internationally Internationally –Status of different national groups

84. Subsequent success of artist Whiteread In museums In museums

85. Prestigous commissions; Holocaust memorial

86. Musicians Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup