3. Click on a lesson name to select. Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Section 1: Biodiversity Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity

4. 5.1 Biodiversity Objectives: 1.Describe three types of biodiversity. 2.Explain the importance of biodiversity. 3.Summarize the direct and indirect value of biodiversity.

5. What is biodiversity? 5.1 Biodiversity 1. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area. Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation It increases the stability and health of an ecosystem.

6. 2. Species diversity, the number of different species in a biological community, increases as you move from the polar regions to the equator. 5.1 Biodiversity Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5

7. 3.Many medicines are derived from plants or other organisms. Penicillin is derived from bread mold.

8.  Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases. Madagascar periwinkle

9. 4.Preserving healthy ecosystems is less expensive than using technological advances.

10.  A healthy biosphere provides many services to humans and other organisms that live on Earth. Biodiversity and Conservation  Natural processes provide drinking water that is safe for human use.  Green plants provide oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide. 5.1 Biodiversity Chapter 5

11. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Objectives: 1.Describe the biodiversity crisis. 2.Explain the factors that threaen biodiversity. 3.Describe how the decline of a single species can affect an entire ecosystem.

12. 1.Four factors that threaten biodiversity are: overexploitation, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation pollution.

13. 2.Natural resources are all materials and organisms found in the biosphere, including: minerals fossil fuels nuclear fuels plants animals soil clean water clean air solar energy

14. Biodiversity and Conservation 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

15. Biodiversity and Conservation Factors that Threaten Biodiversity The current high rate of extinction is due to the activities of a single species—Homo sapiens. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

16. Biodiversity and Conservation  Bison  Passenger pigeons  Ocelot  Rhinoceros Rhinoceros 3. Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that have economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of extinction.  Examples: Ocelot 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

17. Biodiversity and Conservation Habitat Loss  If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to relocate or they will die. Destruction of Habitat  The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

18. Biodiversity and Conservation Disruption of Habitat  The declining population of one species can affect an entire ecosystem. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

19. Biodiversity and Conservation Fragmentation of Habitat 4.Habitat fragmentation is the separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land. Smaller pieces of land support fewer species.  Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals from another area.  Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases the number of edges—creating edge effects. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

20. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity 5.Pollution and atmospheric changes threaten biodiversity and global stability. Carnivores at the higher trophic levels are affected the most.

21. Biodiversity and Conservation Pollution 6.Biological magnification is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.  One example is DDT that threatened the American Bald Eagle. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

22. Biodiversity and Conservation 7.Acid precipitation is another pollutant affecting biodiversity by removing nutrients from the soil and harming plants and animals.  Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.  Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5 Assessing Water Quality

23. Biodiversity and Conservation Eutrophication 8.Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, etc. flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.  The algae use up the oxygen supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process.  Other organisms in the water suffocate. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

24. Biodiversity and Conservation Introduced Species 9. An introduced species is an nonnative species brought into a new habitat.  Lacking predators, they become invasive species. 5.2 Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5

25. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Objectives:

26. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Biodiversity and Conservation Natural Resources 1.An increase in human population increases the need for natural resources. 2.Natural resource consumption is much higher in developed countries. As the standard of living increases, the rate of natural resources consumption increases. Chapter 5

27. 3.Renewable resources are resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed. Ex. Solar energy, agricultural plants and animals, clean water and clean air. If the demand exceeds the supply of any resource, the resource might become depleted. Biodiversity and Conservation 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5

28. 4.Nonrenewable resources are resources found in limited amounts or require a long time to replace. Ex. Fossil fuels and mineral deposits

29. Biodiversity and Conservation 5. Sustainable use means using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere. 6.Conservation of resources includes reducing consumption, recycling resources, and preserving ecosystems. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5

30. Protecting Biodiversity Biodiversity and Conservation  Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is set aside as some type of reserve.  The United Nations supports a system of Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage sites. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5  The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat.  These hot spots originally covered 15.7 percent of Earth’s surface, however, only about a tenth of that habitat remains.

31. Biodiversity Hotspots Biodiversity and Conservation 7. Endemic species are species that are only found in that specific geographic area. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5 Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots

32. Corridors Between Habitat Fragments Biodiversity and Conservation 8. Habitat corridors, or passageways, connect habitat fragments and allow organisms to move safely from one area to another. A larger piece of land can sustain a wider variety of species and a wider variety of genetic variation. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5

33. 9.Two methods of restoring ecosystems are bioremediation and biological augmentation.

34. Biodiversity and Conservation Bioremediation 10. Bioremediation involves the use of living organisms such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to detoxify a polluted area. 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5

35. 11.Biological augmentation is the process of adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem. Aphids are insects that destroy crops. Ladybugs can be used to control aphid infestation. jardinage.wordpress.com www.sarracenia.com Ladybugs help control aphid populations. Photo courtesy of Nature’s Control

36. Biodiversity and Conservation  The larger the affected area, the longer it takes for the biological community to recover. Restoring Ecosystems 5.3 Conserving Biodiversity Chapter 5

37. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson. Chapter 5

38. 1. Which factor is most responsible for the lack of plants in polar regions? A. heavy grazing by herbivores B. little precipitation C. no soil for plants to take root D. not enough sunlight Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

39. 2. What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways? A. acid precipitation B. eutrophication C. biological magnification D. edge effects Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

40. 3. Which is not a renewable resource? A. solar energy B. fossil fuels C. agricultural plants D. clean water Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

41. 4. Which has indirect economic value? A. ecosystems that decompose wastes B. organisms that provide food and shelter C. plants that contain medicinal substances D. species that have desirable genetic traits Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Formative Questions

42. True or False 5. It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Formative Questions

43. 6. When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent? A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed C. when the ecosystem is given economic value Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.1 Formative Questions D. when the ecosystem provides useful services

44. A. background extinction B. mass extinction C. natural extinction D. progressive extinction 7. Which describes the current rate of species disappearance? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Formative Questions

45. A. deserts B. grasslands C. tropical forests D. temperate forests 8. Where are most extinctions likely to occur in the near future? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Formative Questions

46. A. habitat loss B. eutrophication C. overexploitation D. nonnative predators 9. What is the primary factor that has endangered the North American bison and the white rhinoceros? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Formative Questions

47. A. habitat loss B. human predators C. transported diseases D. background extermination 10. What is the number one cause of species extinction today? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.2 Formative Questions

48. A. agricultural plants B. clean water C. forest timber D. mineral deposits 11. Which resource is nonrenewable? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.3 Formative Questions

49. A. farming B. logging C. oil drilling D. commercial fishing 12. For which human activity is sustainable use not possible? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 5.3 Formative Questions

50. 13. Which is an example of bioremediation? Biodiversity and Conservation A. replanting trees in an area affected by acid rain Chapter 5 5.3 Formative Questions B. using microorganisms to detoxify an oil spill C. enacting a law that protects endangered amphibians D. introducing natural predators to control a crop pest

51. 14. Look at the following figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Chapter Assessment Questions

52. Biodiversity and Conservation A. pollution B. extinction C. biological magnification D. habitat fragmentation Chapter 5 Chapter Assessment Questions

53. Biodiversity and Conservation 15. Use the graph to determine the approximate recovery time for a volcanic eruption. Chapter 5 Chapter Assessment Questions

54. Biodiversity and Conservation A. 1-10 years B. 10-100 years C. 100-1000 years Chapter 5 Chapter Assessment Questions D. 1000 years or more

55. Biodiversity and Conservation 16. Explain how killer whales adapted to their environment when their primary food source began to disappear. Answer: Killer whales started to prey on sea otters instead of sea lions and harbor seals. Chapter 5 Chapter Assessment Questions

56. A. ecosystem diversity B. genetic diversity C. social diversity D. species diversity 17. Which type of biodiversity increases as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

57. 18. How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival? A. It increases the number of organisms that have useful genes. B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt to environmental changes. C. It produces a variety of species within a biological community. D. It randomly distributes members of a species throughout an ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

58. 19. If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues? A. fishes B. killer whales C. sea otters D. sea urchins Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

59. A. acid rain B. fertilizers C. PCBs D. pesticides 20. What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems? Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

60. 21. Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption? A. land area B. population C. industrialization Biodiversity and Conservation D. availability of resources Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

61. 22. Which event has the greatest potential to cause irreversible damage to biodiversity? Biodiversity and Conservation A. oil spill B. urbanization C. industrial pollution D. modern agriculture Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice

62. Biodiversity and Conservation Glencoe Biology Transparencies Chapter 5

63. Biodiversity and Conservation Image Bank Chapter 5

64. extinction biodiversity genetic diversity species diversity ecosystem diversity Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 1 Chapter 5

65. background extinction mass extinction natural resource overexploitation habitat fragmentation edge effect biological magnification eutrophication introduced species Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 2 Chapter 5

66. renewable resource nonrenewable resource sustainable use endemic bioremediation biological augmentation Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 3 Chapter 5

67. Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 5  Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots Animation