2. Excluded from Reform Progressive reform did little to expand the rights and opportunities for minorities.

3. Prejudice and Discrimination. During the 1800s the overwhelming majority of Americans were Protestant and had been born in the U.S. Non-Protestant and non-native residents often faced discrimination. The Government rarely interfered with this discriminations. In 1908 violence erupted in Springfield, IL – the Springfield riot shocked the nation and highlighted the deep racial divisions in American life.

4. Anti-Catholicism – Anti-Catholic Iowans formed the American Protective Association in 1887. Anti-Semitism – Eastern European Jews faced prejudice both as Jews and as Eastern Europeans. Anti-Asian – Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. Why? What kind of prejudice to the Japanese face in California? Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan in 1907. What did it do?

5. Discrimination Against African Americans African Americans faced discrimination in both the North and in the South. Plessy v. Ferguson. In 1896 the Supreme Court legalized segregation in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Klu Klux Klan reborn in Georgia in 1915. wanted to restore white, Protestant America. What happened to 2,600 African Americans between 1886-1916?

6. Progressivism and Prejudice Most of the reformers came from middle and upper classes & saw themselves as moral leaders working to improve the people less fortunate than themselves. The reforms they supported often discriminated against one group as they tried to help another group. Sometimes reforms instituted by the progressives were efforts to control a particular group. Can you give an example?

7. Struggle for Equal Opportunity Often excluded, African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans took steps to improve their lives. Booker T. Washington – founded Tuskegee Institute and the National Negro Business League. Was the back to Africa Movement supported? Who wrote A Red Record and what was it about? W.E.B. DuBois and others founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. African American women formed National Association of Colored Women. Who was the first black female bank president?

8. Native Americans Seek Justice Dr. Carlos Montezuma and other Native Americans formed the Society of American Indians. Mexican Americans o Mexican Americans formed mutualistas that organized self-help groups to deal with overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate public services in the barrios.