1. The Enlightened Monarchs (or Enlightened Despots)

2. I. What was “Enlightened Absolutism”? 1.Embracing of some reform of the philosophes a) b) c) 2. These monarchs had complicated relationship with philosophes. Why? a) b)

3. 3.7 Years’ War = need for stronger armies & increased revenues for these armies. a) so… 4.Most philosophes did NOT wish to limit powers of monarch, but sought to redirect power of monarchy to affect: a) b) c) d) philosophes did not oppose monarchial power if: 1) 2)

4. II. Were they truly Enlightened? 1.Philosophes goals = 2.Enlightened Monarchs goals = a) b) c) d)

5. III. The Enlightened Monarchs 1.Frederick II – The Great (W. Europe) a) improve economy thru b) less ______ & more _______ c) agricultural program d) lent farmers e) taxation f) religious tolerance? g) codification of Prussian law h) “impersonal state”

6. 2.Joseph II of Austria a) HRE Emperor b) expand c) increase d) pluralism? e) religious toleration? *Jews *Catholics d) Economy e) peasants Poor Joseph II 

7. NO notes Joseph II never grasped the importance of gaining political support for his policies. However, Catherine the Great of Russia knew all to well how to accomplish this.

8. 2. Catherine the Great 1.What a story !! 2.She is German so is aware of how “backward” Russia is She knew reforms were necessary if Russia were to remain a great power.

9. 3.Administrative Reform a) nobles b) Charter of the Nobility c) Why issue the Charter of Nobility?

10. 4.Economic reform: 5.Territorial expansion: 6.Partition of Poland: