2.  Just as influential as Martin Luther  Institutes of the Christian Religion - 1536  Sinful by nature  “The elect” are God’s chosen

4.  God chooses very few to be saved  Predestination – God has known since beginning who He was going to save  Calvinism = based on Calvin’s teachings

5.  Ideal government = theocracy  Calvin ran city ◦ Strict rules ◦ Had to attend religion class ◦ No bright clothing ◦ No card games ◦ Could be banned if you didn’t follow rules

6.  Calvin was his inspiration  Presbyterians  Scottish  Became Scotland’s official religion

8.  Calvin’s followers in France  Catholics and Huguenots = violence  St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre ◦ 8/24/1572 ◦ Catholics hunted Huguenots ◦ 12,000 Huguenots killed

9.  April 1598 – King Henry IV of France  Gave civil rights to French Calvinists ◦ Gave protection to French Protestants escaping Inquisition ◦ Granted them safe havens where they could practice religion freely ◦ Could worship in certain areas ◦ Tithe – had to pay a land tax

10.  Maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spanish kingdoms  Jews and Muslims had to convert or leave Spain  Trials did take place against Protestants  Acts of torture ◦ Garrucha ◦ Toca

11.  Only those old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized  Persecuted by Catholics and Protestants for being too radical  Influenced Quakers and Baptists

12.  Marguerite of Navarre ◦ Protected John Calvin  Katherina von Bora ◦ Martin Luther’s wife ◦ Argued for women’s equal rights in marriage

13.  Catholics realized that they needed to reform itself in response to Protestant Reformation

15.  Had to meditate, pray, study  “Exercise the soul”

17.  Followers of Ignatius; founded in 1540 ◦ Founded superb schools in Europe ◦ Convert non-Christians to Catholicism – several missionaries ◦ Stop Protestantism from spreading

18.  1534-1549  Directed council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other abuses  Approved Jesuit order  Used Inquisition to seek out and punish heresy in papal territory  Decided to call council in Trent

20.  1545-1563  4 decisions made: ◦ Church’s interpretation of Bible was final ◦ Christian need faith and good works for salvation ◦ Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life ◦ Indulgences were valid expressions of faith – but NOT false sellling

22.  Carried out decisions of Council of Trent  Index of Forbidden Books

23.  How would you characterize the overall legacy of the Reformation??

24.  Protestant churches flourished  Religion no longer united Europe  Individual monarchs gained power  Paved way for nation-states and modern world