1. Pump-Up We got the definition for the word indulgence on Friday. Explain how you think indulgences will lead to the Reformation.

2. Pump-Up We have talked about if you were Christian during the Middle Ages then you were Catholic. How do you think dominations such as Baptist, Lutherans, and Methodists came about?

3. Reformation

4. Today’s Vocabulary Indulgence – Buying your way into heaven. Reformation – Religious reform that led to the founding of Christians who didn’t accept the pope’s authority. Protestant – All Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches.

5. Today’s Vocabulary Peace of Augsburg – Treaty that gave each ruler the right to decide the religion of his own state. Council of Trent – During the Catholic Reformation, the Church confirmed certain Catholic traditions to be acceptable.

6. Causes of the Reformation Printing press helped spread secular ideas. Many viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority. Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church. Church leaders began to marry, have children, drink, and were poorly educated.

7. Luther Challenges the Church To Martin Luther, the sell of indulgences meant that only the rich could get into heaven. He wrote the 95 Theses in response to the sell of indulgences. – Posted it on the door of the church. Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer. – Luther’s actions began the Reformation.

8. Luther’s Teachings People could achieve salvation by faith alone. The pope and Church traditions were false authorities. People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them. – All people are equal in faith.

9. Response to Luther Luther was excommunicated for not taking back his statements. Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther an outlaw and heretic. – All of his books were burned. A German prince gave shelter to Luther during this time. – He translated the Bible into German and formed a separate religious group called Lutherans.

10. Response to Luther Continued Peasants demanded an end to serfdom and went on revolts. Luther urged the German princes to show them no mercy. Those who protested against the Catholic Church became known as Protestants. – Peace of Augsburg was declared after years of war.

11. England becomes Protestant Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon b/c he wanted a son. – The pope refused. Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and became the head of the English Church. – Married Anne Boleyn, but had another daughter. 3 rd wife, Jane Seymour, finally produces a male heir.

12. Henry VIII Children Edward become king at 9 years old but dies at age 15. Mary turned England back into a Catholic nation. – Earned the nickname “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth I establishes the Anglican Church of England. – Compromise between Catholic and Protestant traditions.

13. Calvinism John Calvin believed that people are sinful by nature; therefore God has determined who will go to heaven through predestination. – The belief that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved. Calvin ruled Geneva under a Theocracy with strict rules. – Cannot wear bright clothing, play cards, swear, fight, or dance in church. John Know formed the Presbyterians in Scotland. – Over threw Catholic queen Huguenots formed in France – St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre

14. Other Protestant Reforms Anabaptist – Believed that you should only be baptized if you are old enough to decide to be Christian. – Believed that church and state should be separate. Despite gains in religion, women were still discouraged from being leaders in the church.

15. The Catholic Reformation The Jesuits helped to stop the spread of Protestantism. – Led by Ignatius of Loyola The Council of Trent reaffirms traditions and beliefs of the Catholic Church. – The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. – Faith AND good works were needed for salvation. Books that were found offensive to Catholicism were burned.

16. Legacy of the Reformation New denominations flourished. – Some were persecuted. Promoted education. Monarchs gained power. Will lead to the Enlightenment.