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Chapter 2
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Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Select & install cables for connecting to a dial-up network Select & install cables for connecting to an Ethernet network Identify network cables by sight or name Identify network cable speed capabilities by name Identify network connectors by sight or name Given a scenario and networking requirements, select and install cables for communication between computers and networking devices Troubleshoot issues with networking media
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2.1
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Pairs of copper wire wrapped in insulation, twisted around each other Electrical pulses Inexpensive & easy to work with Look up a 500ft roll of Cat6 cable
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Crosstalk Small amount of electricity leaks & jumps to other wires Problem if you have wires close to each other Twisting cancels out crosstalk
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Less expensive Very flexible Easy to run Newer, faster standards designed to run on twisted pair Thin outer covering EMI Keep away from fluorescent lights Distance limit Possible eavesdropping
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Cat3 Old, slow (10Mbps) Cat5 100Mbps Cat5e 1000Mbps/1Gbps Better against crosstalk/EMI Cat6 1Gbps & up 10Gbps not recommended Must use shorter lengths or use Cat6a
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RJ11 4 connectors, 2 pairs of wire Phone/DSL RJ45 8 connectors, 4 pairs of wire Ethernet
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Category 6 cables have how many wires in them? 88 Which connector is used for phone cables? RJ11 Which connector is used for Ethernet? RJ45 Why are twisted pair cabling wires twisted? To reduce crosstalk When installing twisted pair cabling, what would you keep it away from? Fluorescent lights
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TestOut Lab 2.1.3 Connect to an Ethernet Network Quiz on 2.1.4
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2.2
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Used in very early Ethernet & now for TV Wireless antenna connections Cable Internet Shielding Thicker cable BNC or F-connector RG-6 (current cable TV), RG-59 (older cable TV), RG-58 (old Ethernet)
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Pretty resistant to EMI Harder to physically damage More expensive to install Thicker than twisted pair Less flexible & harder to install than twisted pair High speed networking doesn’t support coax
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TestOut 2.2.3 Connect a Cable Modem Lab 2.2.4 Quiz
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What kind of common connectors would be on a coax cable? F or BNC What kind of signal travels on a coax cable? Electricity If you have a cable modem, what type of coax cable do you have? RG-6 Which cable protects against EMI better, RG- 6 or Cat 5e? RG-6
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What connector would be on a Cat 5 or 6 cable? RJ45 What in the ceiling could “mess up” the electrical signal in an UTP cable? Fluorescent lights, electrical boxes/equipment An electrical motor near a UTP cable causes what kind of interference? EMI Signals from one cable jump into another. What problem is this? Crosstalk What is the solution to prevent crosstalk on UTP? Twisting of the pairs
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2.3
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Transmits pulses of light Laser or LED Glass or plastic core No EMI/RFI; no lightning attraction Used for high speed & long distance LAN backbone Connect ISP to Internet 2 fibers cables used Transmit & receive
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Resistant to EMI No way to eavesdrop on the signal Fast speeds Very expensive Used in backbone Fragile cable Difficult to attach connector to cable
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Multimode LED Many paths of light (thick) Used in LANs/Campuses 2000 meters Less $, used more Single Mode Laser light Single, thin path of light Connects backbone/NOCs 3000 meters More $, faster speed
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IssueUTPFiber Optic Bandwidth Distance Immunity to EMI/RFI Immunity to Electrical Hazards Media/Connector cost Installation Skill/Cost Safety Precautions
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Which cable is more expensive, copper or fiber? Fiber Which cable allows data to travel further, copper or fiber? Fiber Why are two strands of fiber used for communication? Light can only travel in one direction at a time. This will allow for full-duplex.
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What signal travel on a single-mode cable? Laser Which cable would be used to go further distances? Single mode Why would you use fiber between buildings rather than copper? Fiber does not attract lightning
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TestOut 2.3.2- Review Fiber Optic Facts 2.3.3- Connect Fiber Optic Cables 1 Lab 2.3.4- Connect Fiber Optic Cables 2 Lab 2.3.5- Quiz Professor Messer Videos 1.5 Cable Types Copper Connectors (8:05) Copper Cabling (9:28) Straight-Through, Crossover, and Rollover Cables (7:42) Fiber Connectors (3:51) Fiber Cables (7:37) Media Converters (3:19) Network Cabling Tools (8:13) Professor Messer Videos 1.5 Cable Types Copper Connectors (8:05) Copper Cabling (9:28) Straight-Through, Crossover, and Rollover Cables (7:42) Fiber Connectors (3:51) Fiber Cables (7:37) Media Converters (3:19) Network Cabling Tools (8:13)
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2.4
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Straight-through We’re going to make them Crossover We’re going to make them
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TIA/EIA 568A & 568B
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568B to 568B Connect unlike devices Computer to Hub/Switch Switch to router port On the PC NIC Pins 1 & 2 transmit Pins 3 & 6 receive
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Straight-through 568B to 568B White-Orange Orange White-Green Blue White-Blue Green White-Brown Brown
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568A to 568B Like Devices Switch/hub port to switch/hub port Router port to router port PC to router port PC to PC
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Crossover 568B to 568A Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE! White-Green Green White-Orange Blue White-Blue Orange White-Brown Brown
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What is the 568B color order? Wor/Or, WGr/Bl, WBl/Gr, WBr/Br For speeds of 1000Mbps or more, what Category cable should be used? Cat 6 What cable… Goes between same devices? Crossover Goes from PC to switch? Straight through Goes from serial to console port? Rollover
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What colors do you change for a crossover cable? Oranges & greens What pairs transmit? 1 & 2 What pairs receive? 3 & 6
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Demarc Where Internet & phone line enter your building Inside your building (your responsibility)
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MDF (Main Distribution Frame) Main wiring closet near the demarc IDF Other wiring closets that connect to the MDF Connect to MDF using vertical cabling (VCC) or going up IDFs connect to each other using horizontal cabling (HCC)
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Jacks from this room go to IDF and into a patch panel Allows you to connect wires to a punch-down block, then use patch cables to connect to a switch Gives you flexibility in moving cables Allows for easy labeling
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Using punch down tool
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Practice a Punch Down on a Patch Panel TestOut 2.4.6- Connect Patch Panel Cables 1 Lab 2.4.7- Connect Patch Panel Cables 2 Lab 2.4.8- Quiz
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What is the point of where the service provider’s wiring enters your building? Demarc The fiber cable running down the street has been cut. Whose responsibility is it to fix it? Service provider Near the demarc is the point where everything in your network comes together. What is this area called? MDF There are 2 wiring closets on this floor that connect together. What are they called & what cabling connects them? IDF & Horizontal cabling What cabling connects an IDF to the MDF? Vertical cabling
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2.5
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Interference Unwanted signals EMI causes (generators, transformers, high-power lines, fluorescent lights)
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Use fiber instead of copper Use STP cable
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Signal jumps from one wire to another within the cable & disrupts the data NEXT Measurement of crosstalk at one connector end FEXT Measurement of crosstalk on other end
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Properly connected connectors Maintain the twists When putting on a connector At the punch down block
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Loss of signal strength over long cable runs Prevent it Don’t exceed max distance of cable Ethernet is 100m max! Keep out of very hot areas Use a repeater if necessary (amplifies the signal)
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Shorts Signal hops to another exposed wire Signal grounds out (nail through wire) Opens Break in wire
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Wires may go to correct pins but twists with wrong cable to cancel signal out (prevent crosstalk)
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Connector issues Use right connector so fiber lines up Dirty connector or jack prevents light/signal Cable issues Bending cable too tight breaks the core Mismatch of single/multimode cable= 99% loss Signal Loss Cable length, connectors, splices
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Loopback plug Cable Tester Review TestOut 2.5.5 Review TestOut 2.5.5
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The signal on your 400ft UTP run gets weak at the destination, causing the signal to be unreadable. What is the problem? Attenuation Unwanted signals are added to your Ethernet cable running over fluorescent lights. What’s the problem? EMI The Ethernet cable you made is having problems. Signals are jumping from one wire in the cable to another in the cable. What’s the problem? Crosstalk
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Watch Professor Messer Videos 4.4 – Copper Cable Issues Troubleshooting Copper Cables (6:19) Troubleshooting Copper Cables (6:19) Troubleshooting Signal Loss (6:15) Troubleshooting Signal Loss (6:15) Troubleshooting Network Cabling (4:27) Troubleshooting Network Cabling (4:27) 4.5 – Fiber Issues Troubleshooting Fiber Issues (5:11) Troubleshooting Fiber Issues (5:11)
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Complete the study guide handout Take all quizzes on TestOut Jeopardy review
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Chapter 2
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