1. THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS 1. History of ASEAN 2. Characteristics of ASEAN 3. Stages of ASEAN expansion 4. ASEAN’s political achievements 5. ASEAN’s economic achievements 6. Some problems faced by ASEAN

2. HISTORY OF ASEAN Formed in August 1967 Formed after Indonesian government change Formed after Indonesian Confrontation Initially lethargic and members suspicious Growth paralleled developments in Indochina Began with 5 countries as members

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF ASEAN Generally pro-Western orientation Tried to influence Southeast Asian politics Aims to house entire region in community Emphasizes accommodation and separation Interested in peaceful resolution of conflict Culture of non-interference in other countries

4. STAGES OF ASEAN EXPANSION 1967 – 5 countries as original members 1984 – Brunei joins as 6 th member 1995 – Vietnam joins as 7 th member 1997 – Laos and Myanmar join ASEAN 1999 – Cambodia joins as last member * Papua New Guinea has special observer status

5. ASEAN’S POLITICAL ACHIEVEMENTS (1) 1971 – Declaration of Zone of Peace Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) 1976 – Establishment of Jakarta Secretariat 1976 – Treaty of Amity and Cooperation 1976 – Treaty of ASEAN Concord 1979 – U.N. support for DK government 1982 – Formation of CGDK

6. ASEAN’S POLITICAL ACHIEVEMENTS (2) 1988 – Jakarta Informal Meetings 1 & 2 1989-93 – Involvement in Cambodian peace settlement 1989 – Collective membership in APEC 1994 – Formation of ASEAN Regional Forum 1998 – Formation of “ASEAN Plus Three”

7. ASEAN’S ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS Continuation of preferential tariffs Common lobbying platform Regularized dialogue partnerships Group membership in APEC Formation of ASEAN Free Trade Area Negotiation of Free Trade arrangements Chiangmai currency swap arrangements

8. PROBLEMS FACED BY ASEAN (1) Evolved in relation to Cold war Traditionally reactive to Indochinese devts. Suspicion and competition between members has continued Indonesia sometimes unable to lead Non-interference rule creates instability Countries at different levels of development

9. PROBLEMS FACED BY ASEAN (2) Difficulties of consensual decision-making Similar products and export markets Subjected to larger external pulls Small ness in international arena Introversion of states during crises