1. Chapter 47 Section 3 pp. 970- 972 HIV AND AIDS

2. VACCINES  Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity  Vaccine- substance that contains antigen of a pathogen  Causes immune system to produce memory cells  You can make antibodies right away if infected

3.  HIV: human immunodeficiency virus  AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV  HIV ≠ AIDS DEFINITIONS

4.  Caused by a retrovirus 1.has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA 2.new DNA inserted into host cell’s DNA 3.host cell now makes proteins to assemble more HIV viruses HIV

5.  Infects helper T-cells and macrophages  Why is this so bad?

6.  Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding) HIV TRANSMISSION

7. AIDS

8.  AIDS  Phase I: few or no symptoms  Phase II: worsening of symptoms  Phase III: T-cell count goes below 200 cells/mL (normal 600-700) COURSE OF THE DISEASE

9.  Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune system  EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia AIDS AND INFECTIONS

10.  A. mutates and evolves very quickly which makes it difficult to make a vaccine  B. treatment consists of “cocktails” with some patients taking up to 50 pills a day (very expensive!) TREATMENTS AND VACCINES