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The Language of Electronic Communication Its Implications for TEFL EUROCALL 2010 Averianova Irina Nagoya University of Business, Japan EUROCALL 2010 Averianova Irina Nagoya University of Business, Japan
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Electronically-Mediated Communication (EMC) Electronic Mail (e-mail) Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Multiple Users Domains (MUDs) Newsgroups Blogs Other interactive platforms (Twitter, Second Life; FaceBook, etc) SMS Electronic Mail (e-mail) Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Multiple Users Domains (MUDs) Newsgroups Blogs Other interactive platforms (Twitter, Second Life; FaceBook, etc) SMS
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Electronically-Mediated Communication (EMC ) 540 million people use the Net Every 6 th person on earth English is the dominant language of electronic communication In 2010, non-native speakers using the Internet have outnumbered native speakers Significant expansion of EMC in TEFL 540 million people use the Net Every 6 th person on earth English is the dominant language of electronic communication In 2010, non-native speakers using the Internet have outnumbered native speakers Significant expansion of EMC in TEFL
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EMC in EFL Classroom ENHANCED MOTIVATION AND AUTONOMY OF LEARNERS Authenticity Interactivity Security: a) psychological b) linguistic ENHANCED MOTIVATION AND AUTONOMY OF LEARNERS Authenticity Interactivity Security: a) psychological b) linguistic
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EMC in EFL Classroom Email communication Blog exchange Chat room participation FaceBook interaction Joint projects Academic partnerships SMS exchange and texting as learning activities Email communication Blog exchange Chat room participation FaceBook interaction Joint projects Academic partnerships SMS exchange and texting as learning activities
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Electronic Discourse: Written Speech Spoken Writing (Hybrid, A new computer style, Internet Slang, Internet language, Net speak, Chat Room Shorthand, Tech-talk, Nu English) DISCURSIVE DRIVES Economy of writing Maintenance of orality in the absence of direct auditory interaction Linguistic relaxation (Hybrid, A new computer style, Internet Slang, Internet language, Net speak, Chat Room Shorthand, Tech-talk, Nu English) DISCURSIVE DRIVES Economy of writing Maintenance of orality in the absence of direct auditory interaction Linguistic relaxation
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Electronic Discourse ABBREVIATION Initialisms: ASAP, TTYT, ISTM, KISS, PICNIC, HAND, POS, TUL Clippings: Pic, Peeps, Attn Homophonic coinages, or logograms: 2dA, 2u2, UC, Qt, Y
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Electronic Discourse SIMPLIFIED SYNTAX Incomplete sentences: Need 2 go; been watching ya “Contracted” contractions: dont, whats, thats SIMPLIFIED SYNTAX Incomplete sentences: Need 2 go; been watching ya “Contracted” contractions: dont, whats, thats
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Electronic Discourse IRREGULAR CAPITALIZATION Lower case letters only - whispering: can you remember what we sposed to be doing today??? Upper case letters only - shouting: WHYS NOBODY DO NOTHING!!!!!!! Mixed case - emphasis: did I just see GOD??? IRREGULAR CAPITALIZATION Lower case letters only - whispering: can you remember what we sposed to be doing today??? Upper case letters only - shouting: WHYS NOBODY DO NOTHING!!!!!!! Mixed case - emphasis: did I just see GOD???
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Electronic Discourse EMOTICONS (SMILEGLYPHS, SMILEYS) :-) “smile” :’-( “crying” :-O “surprise, shock” :-* “kiss” :-D “laughing” :-@ “screaming” >:-O “angry/yelling >:-( “angry/grumpy” EMOTICONS (SMILEGLYPHS, SMILEYS) :-) “smile” :’-( “crying” :-O “surprise, shock” :-* “kiss” :-D “laughing” :-@ “screaming” >:-O “angry/yelling >:-( “angry/grumpy”
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EMC in EFL Classroom MAJOR PROBLEM: Excessive use/abuse of peculiarities of electronic discourse Initial enthusiasm Emulation Limited language aptitude (appeased by economy of writing and linguistic relaxation) Insufficient code-switching skills MAJOR PROBLEM: Excessive use/abuse of peculiarities of electronic discourse Initial enthusiasm Emulation Limited language aptitude (appeased by economy of writing and linguistic relaxation) Insufficient code-switching skills
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EMC in EFL Classroom Excessive use/abuse of peculiarities of electronic discourse results in: Exclusion Flaming Hostile & insulting reaction General lack of comprehensibility Non-standard language in the academic context Excessive use/abuse of peculiarities of electronic discourse results in: Exclusion Flaming Hostile & insulting reaction General lack of comprehensibility Non-standard language in the academic context
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Lack of comprehensibility in Email “… I really consider the Japanese 2B very different from us but hope U tell me more about it l8R. I/m looking forward to ur reply!! TCOY!!! :-) KIT!!:-) LTTA!!!” “… I really consider the Japanese 2B very different from us but hope U tell me more about it l8R. I/m looking forward to ur reply!! TCOY!!! :-) KIT!!:-) LTTA!!!”
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Texting in academic writing ) My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :- kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc (In translation: "My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's a great place.") (BBC News, 4 March, 2003) My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :- kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc (In translation: "My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's a great place.") (BBC News, 4 March, 2003)
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Texting in academic writing xs cmpnstn fnds wl b nvstd 4 srvvng fmly mmbrs (In translation: “Excess compensation funds will be invested for surviving family members.”) (I. Berman, 2006) xs cmpnstn fnds wl b nvstd 4 srvvng fmly mmbrs (In translation: “Excess compensation funds will be invested for surviving family members.”) (I. Berman, 2006)
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Texting in academic writing Common disclaimer phrases (called “parantheticals”) ofn contract in2 ACRONYMS – they tend to occur @ certain points in a sentence which can facilitate decoding. Some e.g.s.: IMHO – In my humble/honest opinion… Lol, btw, b/c (N. Baron 2009) @, $, & Common disclaimer phrases (called “parantheticals”) ofn contract in2 ACRONYMS – they tend to occur @ certain points in a sentence which can facilitate decoding. Some e.g.s.: IMHO – In my humble/honest opinion… Lol, btw, b/c (N. Baron 2009) @, $, &
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Texting – Other problems Cheating 2002 - University of Maryland, College Park, 12 students 2002 - Hitotsubashi University, 26 students 2004 - England, 287 school and college students Multitasking Disruption Cheating 2002 - University of Maryland, College Park, 12 students 2002 - Hitotsubashi University, 26 students 2004 - England, 287 school and college students Multitasking Disruption
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Attitude – What teachers teach about EMC Cultural awareness Mutual courtesy Technical conventions of writing in the Net BUT Linguistic conventions of electronic discourse are generally either not acknowledged or intentionally neglected Cultural awareness Mutual courtesy Technical conventions of writing in the Net BUT Linguistic conventions of electronic discourse are generally either not acknowledged or intentionally neglected
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EMC in EFL Classroom ROLE OF THE TEACHER Introduce the fundamentals of netiquette Ensure the appropriate way of writing in the Net Provide the netiquette troubleshooting: a) Proactive b) Reactive ROLE OF THE TEACHER Introduce the fundamentals of netiquette Ensure the appropriate way of writing in the Net Provide the netiquette troubleshooting: a) Proactive b) Reactive
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EMC – Implications for TEFL Code-switching Knowledge of traditional writing conventions Communicative awareness Texting etiquette Differentiation between creativity and normative language use Code-switching Knowledge of traditional writing conventions Communicative awareness Texting etiquette Differentiation between creativity and normative language use
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Electronic Communication and TEFL ROLE OF THE TEACHER Facilitate adequate understanding between the participants of EMC Ensure acquisition of comprehensive language competence within any communicational framework Thank you! ROLE OF THE TEACHER Facilitate adequate understanding between the participants of EMC Ensure acquisition of comprehensive language competence within any communicational framework Thank you!
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