2.  Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.

3.  Label each one as created by either a biological or psychological need

4.  Make a list of 10 actions you have taken in the past two days.  Label each one as created by either a biological or psychological need  What were the motivations for those actions?

5.  Motives › Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal

6.  Motives › Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal  Needs › Absolute necessities

7.  Motives › Stimulus that moves us toward a specific goal  Needs › Absolute necessities  Drives › Motivate us to take action

8.  Biological › Examples…

9.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival

10.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival › Based on deprivation

11.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival › Based on deprivation › Inborn

12.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival › Based on deprivation › Inborn  Psychological › Examples…

13.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival › Based on deprivation › Inborn  Psychological › Examples… › Not survival-based

14.  Biological › Examples… › Necessary for survival › Based on deprivation › Inborn  Psychological › Examples… › Not survival-based › Can be learned

15.  What role does the Hypothalamus play?  Why do we overdo things?

16.  Instinct Theory › Inborn › “Fixed-Action Patterns” › William James

17.  Drive-Reduction Theory › Clark Hull › Homeostasis

18.  SocioCultural Theory › Just what you think it means

19.  Humanistic Theory › Quest for fulfillment › Self-Actualization › What about obstacles? › Abraham Maslow

20. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

21. PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter

22. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs SAFETY – protection, security, stability PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter

23. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging SAFETY – protection, security, stability PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter

24. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ESTEEM – achievement, competence, recognition, respect LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging SAFETY – protection, security, stability PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter

25. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs SELF-ACTUALIZATION – fulfillment of potential ESTEEM – achievement, competence, recognition, respect LOVE – love, acceptance, belonging SAFETY – protection, security, stability PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, water, rest, shelter

26.  Sensory Stimulation

27. › What happens when we are deprived?

28.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity

29.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity  Exploration

30.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity  Exploration & Manipulation

31.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity  Exploration & Manipulation  Achievement Motivation

32.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity  Exploration & Manipulation  Achievement Motivation › Extrinsic…

33.  Sensory Stimulation  Activity  Exploration & Manipulation  Achievement Motivation › Extrinsic or Intrinsic

34.  How can we increase response?

35.  Project?

36.  Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation

37.  Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation  Balance Theory

38.  Cognitive Consistency › Affiliation  Balance Theory  Cognitive-Dissonance Theory

39.  What are they? › States of feeling

40.  What are they? › …and what aren’t they?

41.  What are they? › …and what aren’t they?

42. List the 5 emotions you feel most often, and the 5 you feel least often.

43.  Aristotle › AngerShame › MildnessShamelessness › LoveBenevolence › EnvyPity › EnmityIndignation › FearEmulation › ConfidenceContempt

44.  Ancient Chinese theory › Happiness › Anger › Sorrow › Fear

45.  Ancient Chinese theory › Happiness › Anger › Sorrow › Fear  All are inborn

46.  John B. Watson › Fear › Rage › Love

47.  John B. Watson › Fear › Rage › Love  William James › Everything we do is designed to gain happiness.

48.  Are they…

49. › Biological ?

50.  Are they… › Biological ? › Cognitive ?

51.  Are they… › Biological ? › Cognitive ? › Behavioral ?

52.  Are they… › Biological ? › Cognitive ? › Behavioral ?  What is the relationship?

53.  Opponent-Process Model

54. › Emotions are followed by their opposites

55.  Commonsense Approach

56. › Thoughts lead to Feelings

57.  James-Lange Theory

58. › Behavior causes Emotion

59.  James-Lange Theory › Behavior causes Emotion › Changing our Behavior changes the Emotion

60.  James-Lange Theory › Behavior causes Emotion › Changing our Behavior changes the Emotion › Ignores Cognition, Values, Choices

61.  Cannon-Bard Theory

62. › The Brain causes both Physical and Emotional reactions

63.  Cannon-Bard Theory › The Brain causes both Physical and Emotional reactions › Emotions are caused by external stimuli

64.  Theory of Cognitive Appraisal

65. › Emotions come from Situational Analysis and the Reactions of Others.

66.  Do Emotions Evolve?

67. › Adaptation

68.  Do Emotions Evolve? › Adaptation › The Role of Play

69.  Do Emotions Evolve? › Adaptation › The Role of Play › The Role of Fear

70.  How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?

71.  Can we “fake” them ?

72.  How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?  Can we “fake” them ?  What if certain emotions linger ?

73.  How do we know what emotions someone is feeling ?  Can we “fake” them ?  What if certain emotions linger ?  What if a person had no emotions ?

74.  Are emotions universal ? › Margaret Mead says, “No” › Other studies say, “Yes”

75.  Are emotions universal ? › Margaret Mead says, “No” › Other studies say, “Yes”  Are happiness surveys objective ? › [ Reliability – Validity measures ]

76.  Are emotions universal ? › Margaret Mead says, “No” › Other studies say, “Yes”  Are happiness surveys objective ? › [ Reliability – Validity measures ]  How about the experiment where moms say their 3-month-old is: › Curious (99%) – Joyful (95%) – Angry (84%) › Surprised (74%) – Fearful (58%)

77.  Can we choose our emotions?

78.  How do we deal with anger ?

79.  Can we choose our emotions?  How do we deal with anger ? › Control or Outburst  What is more effective ?