1. Historical examples

2. 1970’s – Acid Rain Crisis: Slight increases in the acidity of rain were causing damage to vegetation, aquatic life, and structural damage to buildings, etc … Cause: primarily due to SO x emissions from burning high-sulfur fossil fuels Remedy: Cap and Trade law limiting sulfur emissions (diesel pumps are still labeled “low sulfur”)

4. Acid Rain affects plant life

5. Acid Rain affects aquatic life

6. Acid Rain affects us

7. 1980’s – The hole in the ozone layer Crisis: Ozone levels were decreasing in the upper atmosphere (with “holes” developing over the Earth’s poles). Since Ozone filters UV light, increased skin cancers and decreased crop health were anticipated. Cause: CFC’s from aerosol sprays, refrigerators and AC’s, and microchip manufacture released into atmosphere Remedy: Montreal Protocol (1987); in US  Law limiting use of CFC’s, first in aerosols, then in refrig/AC

8. A hole in the Ozone Layer

9. Protection by the Ozone Layer

10. We had solid evidence before we acted

11. One of the culprits

12. 2000’s – Global Warming Crisis: The Earth’s climate is warming up Cause: CO 2 from fossil fuels  Greenhouse Effect ??? Remedy: Kyoto Protocol (1998), not signed by US; Reduce our carbon footprint – “Ten Things” list from liner notes to AIT, Increased CAFE stds, Cap and Trade law limiting industrial CO 2 emissions

13. This can’t be right?

14. Polar bear revenge

15. Not controversial

16. The culprit?

17. The solution?