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4. Early Jewish Art Early Christian Art Dura-Europos Jews, Christians, and Muslims Late Antiquity; The Byzantines > Jews, Christians, and Muslims Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/art- history?campaign_content=book_5835_section_65&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source= boundless

5. Jews, like other early religious communities, were wary of art being used for idolatrous purposes. The zodiac, generally associated with paganism, was the subject of multiple early Jewish mosaics. An ancient synagogue in Gaza provides a rare example of the use of graven images in mosaics, depicting King David as Orpheus. Early Jewish Art Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/alternative-to-art-history-volume-1-4th-marilyn-stokstad-michael-w-cothren-0205744206- 9780205744206/late-antiquity-the-byzantines-7/jews-christians-and-muslims-65/early-jewish-art-336- 7704?campaign_content=book_5835_section_65&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bo undless Mosaic floor at Sepphoris synagogue, Israel View on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines > Jews, Christians, and Muslims

6. Early Christian converts brought with them a cultural appreciation for pictorial imagery. Depictions of Christ are rare in early Christianity, given its status as a mystery religion. In contrast to contemporaneous public cults, early Christians sought to establish a canonical set of texts and an orthodox doctrine. Early Christian Art Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/alternative-to-art-history-volume-1-4th-marilyn-stokstad-michael-w-cothren-0205744206- 9780205744206/late-antiquity-the-byzantines-7/jews-christians-and-muslims-65/early-christian-art-337- 7659?campaign_content=book_5835_section_65&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bo undless Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus View on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines > Jews, Christians, and Muslims

7. Dura-Europos is the site of an early synagogue, dating from 244 CE. House churches were private homes that were converted into Christian churches to protect the secrecy of Christianity. The house church at Dura-Europos is the earliest house church that has been discovered. The house was constructed early in the third century and was converted for use as a Christian church at some point between 240-250 CE. A Mithraeum, or temple, for the Roman cult Mithras is also preserved at Dura- Europos, and dates from between 168-171 CE. Dura-Europos Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/alternative-to-art-history-volume-1-4th-marilyn-stokstad-michael-w-cothren-0205744206- 9780205744206/late-antiquity-the-byzantines-7/jews-christians-and-muslims-65/dura-europos-338- 5341?campaign_content=book_5835_section_65&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bo undless Remains of Synagogue at Dura-Europos View on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines > Jews, Christians, and Muslims

8. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

9. Key terms canonical According to recognized or orthodox rules. cubicula small rooms carved out of the wall of a catacomb, used as mortuary chapels, and in Roman times, for Christian worship Domus Ecclesiae Domus ecclesia is a term that has been applied to the earliest Christian places of worship, churches that existed in private homes. graven image A carved idol or representation of a god used as an object of worship. Haggadah A text that sets forth the order of the Passover seder. mithraeum a place of worship for the followers of Mithraism rabbinical Referring to rabbis, their writings, or their work. sarcophagus A stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with sculpture. Tanakh The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

10. Remains of Synagogue at Dura-Europos This is the best preserved ancient synagogue to be uncovered by archaeologists. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Dura-Europos." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-Europos View on Boundless.comGNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-EuroposView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

11. Beth Alpha Mosaic The Byzantine synagogue at Beth Alpha features elaborate nave mosaics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Beth Alpha." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Alpha View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_AlphaView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

12. Mosaic floor at Sepphoris synagogue, Israel This 5th century mosaic is a depiction of the Zodiac Wheel. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Tzippori." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzippori View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TzipporiView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

13. Gaza Synagogue Mosaic This mosaic from the ancient synagogue at Gaza is an unusual example of figurative depiction in early Jewish art. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Search results for "gaza synagogue" - Wikimedia Commons." CC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=gaza+synagogue&title=Special%253ASearch View on Boundless.comCC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=gaza+synagogue&title=Special%253ASearchView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

14. Remains of House Church at Dura-Europos House churches, where Christians congregated secretly, were common prior to the legalization of Christianity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Dura-Europos." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-Europos View on Boundless.comGNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-EuroposView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

15. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus This sarcophagus features an early example of Christian relief sculpture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Junius_Bassus View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Junius_BassusView on Boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines Which of the following were types of early Jewish art? A) all of these answers B) frescoes C) illuminated manuscripts D) floor mosaics

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Late Antiquity; The Byzantines Which of the following were types of early Jewish art? A) all of these answers B) frescoes C) illuminated manuscripts D) floor mosaics

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines Christian art developed toward the end of the second century despite the Old Testament prohibitions against _______. A) graven images B) symbolism C) representation D) public cults

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Late Antiquity; The Byzantines Christian art developed toward the end of the second century despite the Old Testament prohibitions against _______. A) graven images B) symbolism C) representation D) public cults

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines What is unique about the house churches found at Dura- Europos? A) House churches were welcoming to Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths alike. B) House churches, deceptively named, were massive cathedrals where clergy both lived and worked. C) House churches were ancient places of pagan worship that early Christians rebuiltcann. D) House churches were private homes that were converted into Christian churches to protect the secrecy of Christianity.

21. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Late Antiquity; The Byzantines What is unique about the house churches found at Dura- Europos? A) House churches were welcoming to Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths alike. B) House churches, deceptively named, were massive cathedrals where clergy both lived and worked. C) House churches were ancient places of pagan worship that early Christians rebuiltcann. D) House churches were private homes that were converted into Christian churches to protect the secrecy of Christianity.

22. Attribution Wikipedia. "Dura-Europos." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-EuroposCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-Europos Wikipedia. "Dura-Europos." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-EuroposCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura-Europos Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ARTH401-1.1.3-Dura-Europos-FINAL.pdfCC BYhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ARTH401-1.1.3-Dura-Europos-FINAL.pdf Wikipedia. "mithraeum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mithraeumCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mithraeum Wikipedia. "Domus Ecclesiae." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus%20EcclesiaeCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus%20Ecclesiae Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Early-Christian-Art-An-Introduction-Part-2.pdfCC BYhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Early-Christian-Art-An-Introduction-Part-2.pdf Wiktionary. "cubicula." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cubiculaCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cubicula Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Early-Christian-Art-An-Introduction.pdfCC BYhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Early-Christian-Art-An-Introduction.pdf Wiktionary. "sarcophagus." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sarcophagusCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sarcophagus Wiktionary. "canonical." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canonicalCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canonical Wiktionary. "graven image." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graven+imageCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graven+image Wikipedia. "Mosaic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic#Jewish_mosaicsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic#Jewish_mosaics Wikipedia. "Jewish culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_culture#Visual_arts_and_architectureCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_culture#Visual_arts_and_architecture Wiktionary. "Haggadah." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/HaggadahCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Haggadah Wiktionary. "rabbinical." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabbinicalCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabbinical Wiktionary. "Tanakh." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/TanakhCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tanakh Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Late Antiquity; The Byzantines