1. Teenage Witches Beliefs, Values and Influences in the Adoption of Witchcraft by Teenage Girls

2. A growing phenomenon University and School students, teachers Pagan Federation Commercial media University courses

3. Defining Terms Witchcraft Paganism New Age

4. Sources survey of commercial media and other literature semi-structured interviews ‘focus group’ discussions

5. Commercial Publications Mizz and Sugar Silver RavenWolf Films eg The Craft (1996); Practical Magic (1998) Criticisms of ‘Teen Witchcraft’

6. Students aged 18-24 (1) Solitary or ‘Hedgewitch’ Books and Internet Simple Rituals that work Self-esteem and Control Identity

7. Students aged 18-24 (2) Libertarian ethic/sexuality Nature/environment Pagan not New Age Pagan year

8. Students aged 18-24 (3) Bullying Younger Teenagers Why girls? Diverse beliefs

9. Students aged 13-14 (1) Well informed Empowerment Identity/Being special Self-chosen ethics Nature

10. Students aged 13-14 (2) Control over events Negative view of the world Desire to change it Diverse beliefs

11. Focus Group aged 13 Ghosts, spirits, fairies, deities Destiny, prediction and astrology Reincarnation and karma Logic and science ‘too boring’ Less articulate

12. Focus Group aged 16 Had used popular spell books 4/15 interested in Paganism Media - just entertainment Gender as explanation Spells and Prayers

13. Interim Conclusions (1) Surprising or not? Identity and feeling special Self-esteem and confidence Empowerment Concern for nature

14. Interim Conclusions (2) Libertarian but caring ethic Positive images of the female New forms of ritual and ceremony A vocabulary to express spirituality Diverse beliefs

15. Bibliography Cush, D (1997) ‘Paganism in the Classroom’ British Journal of Religious Education 19 (2), 83-94 Ezzy, D (2003) ‘New Age Witchcraft? Popular spell books and the re-enchantment of everyday life’ Culture and Religion 4 (1), 47-65 Pearson, J (2002) ‘The history and development of Wicca and Paganism’ and ‘Witches and Wicca’ in Pearson, J (ed) Belief Beyond Boundaries: Wicca, Celtic Spirituality and the New Age (Milton Keynes: Open University/Ashgate) RavenWolf, S. (2002)Teen Witch: Wicca for a New Generation St. Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Forthcoming: Sanders, H. and Eloi, P. (eds.) New Generation Witches Ashgate 2006?