1. 14.09.2000 Slide 1 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Third RMSIG Workshop Basic Modeling Concepts Wolfram Höpken

2. 14.09.2000 Slide 2 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Workshop Objective first and second workshop –discuss and agree upon methodology and process discuss white paper evaluate prototype third workshop –identify basic modeling concepts and mechanisms –specify tourism specific modeling language forth workshop –specify reference model building blocks fifth workshop –agree upon first release of reference model

3. 14.09.2000 Slide 3 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

4. 14.09.2000 Slide 4 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

5. 14.09.2000 Slide 5 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Motivation drawbacks of current standardization initiatives –lack of flexibility and extendibility fix standards are hard to maintain no possibility for suppliers to differentiate their offer –lack of expressiveness description languages (e.g. XML) can not express all information, necessary for interoperability lack of semantic information (e.g. relationships), process information, constraints,...

6. 14.09.2000 Slide 6 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Methodology framework for modeling electronic tourism markets –uniform language with standardized building blocks as vocabulary for describing electronic tourism markets –conceptual, abstract modeling of tourism markets –modeling based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML)

7. 14.09.2000 Slide 7 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group UML – Unified Modeling Language graphical language for describing and visualizing models of systems UML 1.3 adopted as standard by the OMG enables the modeling of –static structure of a system entities, their internal structure relationships between entities –behavior of a system interactions between entities (scenarios) state sequences, activity sequences

8. 14.09.2000 Slide 8 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Modeling Levels UML model XML model Distributed object model

9. 14.09.2000 Slide 9 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group XML Perspective XMI documents XML DTDs UML DTDs Meta level XML documents Data level UML model

10. 14.09.2000 Slide 10 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Distributed Object Perspective UML model (concept) UML model (BOI) XMI documents XML DTDs XML documents Meta level Data level BOs IDL descriptions XMI documents

11. 14.09.2000 Slide 11 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Modeling Language tourism specific modeling language based on the UML –extends the UML by domain specific concepts and mechanisms composition mechanism market interface descriptions –provides building blocks as specific modeling elements –enables the flexible description of specific models

12. 14.09.2000 Slide 12 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Modeling Language (2) UML Domain model Common meta level concrete level

13. 14.09.2000 Slide 13 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Modeling Language (2) UML Domain model Common meta level concrete level Tourism modeling language Domain specific meta level

14. 14.09.2000 Slide 14 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Building Blocks building blocks as specific modeling elements building blocks are provided on different levels of granularity –elementary building blocks (date, location,...) –tourism services (flight, hotel,...) –process building blocks (searching, booking,...)

15. 14.09.2000 Slide 15 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Building Blocks Process layer Entity layer Base layer Name Category Room Hotel Time Route Class Fligh t Name Address Age Customer Criteria Customer ResultList Searchin g Service Customer Date Booking StartLocatio n EndLocation Route Date Time FacilitiesLocation Address Name

16. 14.09.2000 Slide 16 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Building Concrete Models concrete models with specific entities are described or modelled by the UML-based tourism modeling language the provided building blocks can be used as basic modeling elements –composition: describe a specific entity as a composition of building blocks –inheritance: describe a specific entity as a refinement of a building block

17. 14.09.2000 Slide 17 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Specific model Reference model Building Concrete Models (2) Name Category Room Hotel CureServices Name Category Room CureHotel derive Category Room Time MoonFlight compose MealPlan Time Route Class compose XYFlight Time Class Room Name Route Category CureServices MealPlan

18. 14.09.2000 Slide 18 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Interoperability SupplierCustomer Reference model 2 lookup 3 MealPlan Time Route Class XYFlight MealPlan TimeRoute Class 1 MealPlan TimeRoute Class 5 MealPlan TimeRoute Class 4 MealPlan Time Route Class XYFlight

19. 14.09.2000 Slide 19 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Advantages flexibility and adaptability for suppliers flexibility for change low entrance barriers to electronic markets for suppliers (SMEs) easy access of customers to a wide range of services separation of semantic aspects and technical aspects interoperability is supported on all possible communication levels

20. 14.09.2000 Slide 20 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

21. 14.09.2000 Slide 21 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

22. 14.09.2000 Slide 22 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Market Participants and Requirements identification of participants of electronic tourism markets (customer, supplier,...) identification of their requirements to each other: –functional requirements –non-functional requirements use cases of electronic tourism markets

23. 14.09.2000 Slide 23 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Market Participants

24. 14.09.2000 Slide 24 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Requirements Customer/Broker to Supplier search requests –vague requests –similar results –service composition availability requests booking execution –booking of services –status request –cancelling a booking further information (descriptions, pictures) user profiles feedback management request metadata security support of different languages and currencies

25. 14.09.2000 Slide 25 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Use Cases Customer/Broker to Supplier

26. 14.09.2000 Slide 26 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Requirements Customer to Broker request for market data (e.g. list of suppliers and available services) periodical and event triggered requests auction services

27. 14.09.2000 Slide 27 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Use Cases Customer to Broker

28. 14.09.2000 Slide 28 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Requirements Front-end Supplier to Broker supply of tourism services –creation and modification of services –definition of flexible services –substitution services –composition services booking processing request user profiles

29. 14.09.2000 Slide 29 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Use Cases Front-end Supplier to Broker

30. 14.09.2000 Slide 30 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

31. 14.09.2000 Slide 31 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

32. 14.09.2000 Slide 32 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

33. 14.09.2000 Slide 33 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Tourism Modeling Language tourism specific modeling language –provides basic concepts and mechanisms for modeling electronic tourism markets –enables the uniform description of specific market components approach –metalevel extends the UML by domain specific modeling elements –building blocks are provided as common vocabulary

34. 14.09.2000 Slide 34 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Concepts and Mechanisms composition mechanism for the flexible construction of tourism services –elementary tourism services out of service components (e.g. hotel out of room and meal plan) –composition services out of elementary services (e.g. package tour out of flight and hotel) availability –flexible management of the availability of tourism services or their components

35. 14.09.2000 Slide 35 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Concepts and Mechanisms (2) selection criteria –modeling selection relevant characteristics of tourism services in a flexible way depending on the components of a tourism service evaluated dynamically out of the attributes selection hierarchies –comfortable selection process (fuzzy requests, similar results) –flexible derivation of building blocks

36. 14.09.2000 Slide 36 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Concepts and Mechanisms (3) views on tourism services –consideration of different interfaces (views) of tourism services, depending on the role of the observer (market participant) the market, in which the service is offered service states –modeling different states of tourism services during their lifecycle (offered, booked, used) and state transitions

37. 14.09.2000 Slide 37 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Concepts and Mechanisms (4) multi language support –consideration of different languages for all language-dependent information country-specific formats –integration of different country-specific formats for date, time, currency etc. and transformation between different formats

38. 14.09.2000 Slide 38 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Concepts and Mechanisms (5) market processes –concept for describing market component interfaces, consisting of market processes –interface descriptions understandable for other market participants

39. 14.09.2000 Slide 39 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Reference Model Architecture Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

40. 14.09.2000 Slide 40 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Reference Model Metalevel extends the UML provides a virtual metamodel adds tourism specific modeling elements described as UML profile –stereotypes –tagged values –constraints Metalevel Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses

41. 14.09.2000 Slide 41 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Reference Model Metalevel types:metaclasses for modeling tourism- specific basic types common entities:metaclasses, which are used in different packages of the metamodel tourism services: metaclasses, providing concepts for constructing tourism services service states:metaclasses, for dealing with different states of tourism services processes: metaclasses for describing market processes and interfaces Metalevel Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses

42. 14.09.2000 Slide 42 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Tourism Services Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

43. 14.09.2000 Slide 43 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Composition Mechanism mechanism for the flexible construction of tourism services (composition mechanism) –complex services as composition of elementary services (e.g. package tour as composition of flight and hotel) –elementary services as composition of service components (e.g. hotel as composition of room and meal plan) composition consists of –components (elementary components or compositions) –selection criteria (attributes) –constraints (restrict combination possibilities)

44. 14.09.2000 Slide 44 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Example Package Tour outward flight departure airport destination airport price return flight departure airport destination airport price hotel name destination price package tour point of departure destination hotel name price Constraints: destination airport outward flight = hotel dest. departure airport return flight = hotel dest. arrival date outward flight = hotel check-in date departure date return flight = hotel check-out date

45. 14.09.2000 Slide 45 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Composition Mechanism

46. 14.09.2000 Slide 46 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Example Hotel

47. 14.09.2000 Slide 47 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Example Train

48. 14.09.2000 Slide 48 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Selection Criteria selection relevant characteristics of tourism services represent a dynamic interface to the customer evaluated from the attributes of service components

49. 14.09.2000 Slide 49 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Selection Criteria

50. 14.09.2000 Slide 50 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Views concept for different views on tourism services views depend on –the market in which the service is offered –the role of the observer (e.g. business or leisure traveller) views provide additional selection criteria, evaluated by the selection criteria of the tourism service

51. 14.09.2000 Slide 51 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Views

52. 14.09.2000 Slide 52 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Views

53. 14.09.2000 Slide 53 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Selection Hierarchies selection hierarchies consist of the values of an attribute or selection criterion on different abstraction levels selection hierarchies support –flexible derivation of building blocks –comfortable selection process fuzzy requests similar results

54. 14.09.2000 Slide 54 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Selection Hierarchies (2)

55. 14.09.2000 Slide 55 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Availability mechanism for specifying the availability of components of tourism services consideration of availability variants –no availability (no bookability) –tiered availability available (bookable) limited available (unsecure bookable) not available (not bookable) –complete availability (full bookability)

56. 14.09.2000 Slide 56 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Availability (2)

57. 14.09.2000 Slide 57 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Example Hotel

58. 14.09.2000 Slide 58 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Building Blocks Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

59. 14.09.2000 Slide 59 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Tourism Service Accommodation

60. 14.09.2000 Slide 60 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Tourism Service Hotel

61. 14.09.2000 Slide 61 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Service States Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

62. 14.09.2000 Slide 62 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Service States different states of a tourism service during its lifecycle –potential service:provided by a supplier contains all optional components and variants –offered service:result of a search request variants areselected, selection criteria evaluated –booked service:offered service, which has been booked by a customer –used service:service, which has been used by the customer

63. 14.09.2000 Slide 63 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Service States (2)

64. 14.09.2000 Slide 64 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Market Processes and Components Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

65. 14.09.2000 Slide 65 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Market Processes and Components market components provide a set of services or processes interfaces of market components are described by the available processes and their input and output lookup service provides market interface descriptions to other market participants

66. 14.09.2000 Slide 66 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Search Process

67. 14.09.2000 Slide 67 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Search Process (2)

68. 14.09.2000 Slide 68 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Types Building blocks Metalevel Process layer Entity layer Base layer Information processes Booking processes Common entities Service components Elementary tourism services Composition services Service states Common entities Tourism services TypesProcesses Common types Data main- tenance Session manage- ment Lookup service Base classes

69. 14.09.2000 Slide 69 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Types concepts for modeling specific basic types support of different languages and country- specific formats –simple types:tourism specific simple types (e.g. bed type, room type, age) –type families:union of types, each member representing a specific format (e.g. different formats for currency, date or time) –multi types:containing different instances of a simple type as variants (e.g. a hotel name or description in different languages)

70. 14.09.2000 Slide 70 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Types (2)

71. 14.09.2000 Slide 71 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

72. 14.09.2000 Slide 72 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

73. 14.09.2000 Slide 73 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion

74. 14.09.2000 Slide 74 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Process of the RMSIG expand domain analysis (survey) finalize tourism modeling language specify common building blocks forth workshop commit reference model fifth workshop review activities Tourtags.org

75. 14.09.2000 Slide 75 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Milestones and Deliverables 07/2000 Initial methodological framework Committed initial version of the methodological framework for harmonizing electronic tourism markets 11/2000Initial specification of electronic tourism markets Committed initial specification of electronic tourism markets 01/2001 Committed methodology and specification Committed final version of the harmonization methodology and the specification of electronic tourism markets 03/2001 Reference model of an electronic tourism market – Version 1.0 First committed version of the reference model

76. 14.09.2000 Slide 76 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Next Activities forth workshop –objective specify reference model building blocks prepare first version of reference model –date: end of November next activities –expand domain analysis (survey) –finalize modeling language elements –specify building blocks

77. 14.09.2000 Slide 77 Wolfram Höpken RMSIG Reference Model Special Interest Group Agenda methodology of the reference model market participants and requirements domain analysis – survey specification of tourism modeling language Tourtags.org process of the RMSIG and next activities conclusion