1. Joints
The area where two bones are attached for the purpose of permitting body parts to move. A joint is usually formed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage.
Joints allow movement, support, and structure to bones and ligaments .

2. From a structure viewpoint there are 3 categories:
1. Fibrous-no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue 2. Cartilaginous- are connected entirely by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline). 3. Synovial-have a space between the articulating bones that is filled with synovial fluid.

3. From a functions viewpoint there are 3 categories
1. Amphiarthrosis - allow minimal movement 2. Diarthrosis - A large amount of movement 3. Synarthrosis - almost none to no movement

4. Types of Joints
Suture joints – fibrous joints – found on skull between cranial sutures
Plane joints – synovial joint – ankle, hand – allow bones to glide to side of another bone
Hinge joints – synovial joint – Knee, elbow, fingers, and toes – allow for only bending and straightening movements
Pivot joints – synovial joint – neck – allow for somewhat limited rotating movement

5. Types of joints continued
Ellipsoidal joint – synovial joint – wrist – allow for a more complicated movement –
Saddle joints – synovial joint – thumb – allow for other complex movements in two planes
Ball and socket joint – synovial joint – hip and shoulders – allow for forward and backward movement along with sideways and rotating movements

6. Types of movement and examples
flexion- refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
extension- describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.
abduction- moving away from body
adduction- moving toward the body

7. inversion- turning foot so sole is inward
eversion- sole is out
protraction-extension or protrusion
retraction – to bring back

8. rotation- around its axis
circumduction- swinging arms in circles
supination- rotation of arm to palm-up position
pronation- palm down

9. Arthritis
inflammation of one or more of your joints. The main symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age.
osteoarthritis –wear and tear and rheumatoid arthritis- auto- immune