1. The EuroVO-DCA Enrique Solano INTA-LAEFF INTA-LAEFFSpanish-VO The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance VALD and the VO VALD and the VO VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

2. Astronomy in the XXI century Advances in technology –Telescope design and fabrication –Large-scale detector arrays –Highly automated pipeline and reduction software –Permit to explore the Universe in a multi-parameter space over a wide range in the spatial and temporal domain. Advances in computational capabilities –Allow, for the first time, direct comparisons between complex theoretical calculations and large, statistically significant observational databases. BUT… VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007 All thi s should lead to a more complete and less biased understanding of complex astrophysical phenomena.

3. Astronomy in the XXI century (cont’d) –The progress in the scientific exploitation is not keeping pace with the exponential growth of the information. –This new scenario is demanding changes in the “classical” methodology. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

4. The classical way of doing Astronomy I.Get the data I.Reduce and analyze the data locally. New dataArchive data VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

5. VO: a complementary approach The classical method has demonstrated to be quite inefficient when dealing with problems that require either: Interoperability among data services and/or Management of large volumes of data. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

6. An interoperability problem: Building of SEDs ISO IUE Radio Wavelength: mm Flux: mJy UBVRIJHK Wavelength: Å +  Magnitudes!!!  Researches must search multiple sites (assuming they even know about all the useful sites). VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

7. The solutions provided by VO to solve the interoperability problem Agree and build standards. Standard semantic: UCDs Standard access protocols Standard output formats Standard data models Automated discovery tools (registries) Uptake of standards by the data services. Development of a federation of astronomical data centres (“data grid”). VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

8. “large” really means LARGE  Archive data are dramatically increasing. ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility holdings ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility holdings (x100 increase in the next 7 years) LSST LSST It will scan the visible sky every few nights. Few TB/night. A factor of 1000 larger than current surveys. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

9. The solution provided by VO to solve the problem of the data avalanche Move from download to service paradigm Leave the data where it is. Remote operations on data (search, analysis, etc). Ship the results not the data. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

10. The role of Science in the VO projects  VO is driven by science and it will become a science driver.  Although technology enabled, the Virtual Observatory must not be seen as a technological project only. Its final goal is to produce better, new and more efficient science.  Showing the science community the potential benefits of VO was a major and early task in the VO projects (NVO, AstroGrid, AVO,…).  Creation of Scientific WGs to provide advice to the project.  Elaboration of lists of VO-use cases with a clear definition of the science requirements. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

11. Real VO Science? Is it possible?  YES!!. The tools are already available VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

12. VO Tools

13. VO Tools (II)

14. VO-Science papers Extragalactic case: Discovery of 30 type 2 QSOs.  First refereed astronomical paper enabled via end-to-end use of VO tools and systems: VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

15. Discovering type 2 quasars Seyfert 2’s high-power counterparts. Characterized by narrow lines and hard X- ray emission ( Lx > 1e44 erg/s). Data: X-ray catalogue for the two GOODS fields (Alexander et al. 2003) Filtering: HR ≥ -0.2 for absorbed sources  294 found HR=(H+S) / (H-S); H = (2.0 - 8.0 keV), S = (0.5 – 2.0 keV) Cross-matching with the GOODS ACS catalogues to get the optical counterparts  168 matches. Data manipulation: X-ray power for unidentified sources derived from: Log L (2-10) = log f(2 – 10 keV) / f(R) + 43.05 (Fiore 2003). Results: 31 new QSOs 2 (only 9 sources previously known). VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

16. VO-Science papers (cnt’d) Identification of very luminous AGB stars in LMC, SMC, M31 and M33 using 2MASS color criteria. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

17. Supervised classification of ROSAT sources into six categories: stars, white dwarfs, X-ray binaries, galaxies, AGNs and clusters of galaxies. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007 VO-Science papers (cnt’d) McGlynn et al. (2004, ApJ,616,1284)

18. The VO-Science Workshop 80 contributions (53 oral) VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

19. Science with VO VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007  VO in ADS: “Virtual Observatory” in title (2000-2006)

20. The EuroVO-DCA Enrique Solano INTA-LAEFF INTA-LAEFFSpanish-VO The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance VALD and the VO VALD and the VO VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

21. How is VO structured? 2001 – 2002: Four major international Phase-A projects (ASTROGRID, AVO, NVO, CVO). 2002: The number of VO projects continues to increase. There is a need to create a common framework.  IVOA was created in June 2002 with the mission to facilitate the international coordination and collaboration. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

22. How is VO structured? VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

23.  AVO Project: 2002 - 2004  Manpower: ~ 17 FTEs/yr total, 50/50 EC and partners

24. Euro-VO Phase-B deployment of an operational VO in Europe. The three faces of EURO-VO: DCA: Data Centre Alliance FC: Facility Centre Organisation of workshops, Support of VO-enabled science projects. TC: Technology Centre Technology research and development projects. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

25. EuroVO-DCA Third attempt succeeded (VO-NET I3 March 2004, EuroVO- DCA I3 March 2005) EC framework: eInfrastructure / Communication Network Development / Coordination Action Same Unit as GEANT and GRIDs 28 months starting 1 Sept 2006.

26. EuroVO-DCA Third attempt succeeded (VO-NET I3 March 2004, EuroVO- DCA I3 March 2005) EC framework: eInfrastructure / Communication Network Development / Coordination Action Same Unit as GEANT and GRIDs 28 months starting 1 Sept 2006.

27. What is a Data Centre for EuroVO-DCA? VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007 “Classical” data centres, such as ground-and space-based observatory archives, and generalist data centres providing added-value services and tools. Assumptions –Willingness to provide a service to the community –Sustainability Critical mass Financial support (e.g. from local authorities) – Concern for quality EuroVO-DCA will help European data centres to integrate their data and services in the VO framework by sharing expertise and reusing experience.

28. The EuroVO-DCA Enrique Solano INTA-LAEFF INTA-LAEFFSpanish-VO The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Virtual Observatory: the role of Science, present status The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance The Euro-VO Data Centre Alliance VALD and the VO VALD and the VO VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

29. Atomic and Molecular Databases in the VO Atomic and Molecular Databases are essential for the interpretation of astrophysical spectra. It is important, therefore, to make these data widely available. Data model: abstract model that describes how data is represented and used.

30. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007 SLAP: Simple Line Access Protocol Standard protocol for retrieving spectral lines from databases. Basic parameter is wavelength. http://xxx?WAVELENGTH=5.1E-6/5.6E-6http://xxx?WAVELENGTH=5.1E-6/5.6E-6 Other extra search parameters (chemical element, energy level range, temperature,…) could be implemented to restrict the search.

31. SLAP: Simple Line Access Protocol SLAP metadata may contain links to scientific publications related to the spectral line. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007

32. Output: VoTable

33. SLAP in action (courtesy of ESA-VO)

34. Conclusions VO Science is not science fiction. It already exists. VO is not replacing the scientist (sorry, there are not plans to implement a “write paper” button ) but making them much more efficient. VO will help astronomers to do what they really want to do: ask scientific questions, interpret the data and publish the results rather than hunting and gathering data. VO has crossed the non-return point: The biggest data providers (NASA, ESA, ESO, …) have understood the importance of this initiative and are already adapting their contents to VO requirements. Many teams are willing to provide data and services in their domains of expertise. The VO development is a strong incentive to share data and knowledge. DCA represents an excellent opportunity to adapt your archives / services to the VO. VALD Workshop, Vienna, Feb 2007