1. Week 21
A&P

2. MUST DO
Give an example of how the shape of a bone matches its function in the human body

3. The Appendicular Skeleton
Composed of 126 bones
Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral (Shoulder) girdle
Pelvic girdle

4. The Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 5.6a

5. The Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 5.6b

6. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Composed of two bones
Clavicle—collarbone
Scapula—shoulder blade
These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

7. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Figure 5.21a

8. Bones of the Upper Limbs
Humerus
Forms the arm
Single bone

9. Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.22a–b

10. Bones of the Upper Limbs
The forearm has two bones
Ulna
Medial bone in anatomical position
Radius
Lateral bone in anatomical position

11. Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.22c

12. Bones of the Upper Limbs
The hand
Carpals—wrist
Metacarpals—palm
Phalanges—fingers

13. Bones of the Upper Limbs
Figure 5.23

14. The Appendicular Skeleton
Acromion
Capitulum
Carpals
Clavicle
Coracoid process
Cornoid fossa
Cornoid process
Deltoid tuberosity
Greater tubercle
Humerus
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Radial tubersoity
Radius
Scapula
Styloid process (Radius)
r2 Styloid process (Ulna)
s. Trochela
t. Ulna q h
j (3) k f l b s g o
t (5)
p (4) r r2 c m n

15. 2. Why is the clavicle at risk to fracture when a person falls on their shoulder?
It is a slender bone
3. Why is there generally no problem in the arm clearing the widest dimension of the thoracic cage?
The clavicle serves as a brace to hold the arm clear of the thorax
4. What are the total number of phalanges in the hand? 14
5. What is the total number of carpals in the wrist? 8

16. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones
Composed of three pairs of fused bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

18. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis
It protects several organs
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Part of the large intestine

19. #15 Pelvic Girdle (Hip)
Figure 7.27a

20. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone
Figure 5.24b

21. Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Figure 5.24c

22. Comparison of Male and Female Pelves
Table 7.4.2

23. Pelvic Girdle
6. Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles for flexibility, security and weight-bearing
Pectoral
Flexibility is most important, Insecure axial and limb attachment, moderate weight-bearing ability
Pelvic
Moderate flexibility Secure axial and limb attachments, Massive Weight-bearing ability
#7 What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle?
Bladder, small intestine and rectum and in females the uterus

24. Comparison of Male and Female Pelves
#8 Distinguish between the true pelvis and the false pelvis
The true pelvis is the region inferior to the pelvic brim and is encircled by bone. The false pelvis is the area medial to the iliac bones and superior to the pelvic brim
Table 7.4.1

25. #12 What does Fallen Arches mean?
#10 The pelvic bones of a four legged animal, such as a cat or pig are much less massive than those of a human being. Why?
The quad-pedal pelvis does not carry as much weight as the bi pedal pelvis
#11 A person instinctively curls over their abdominal area when in danger. Why?
Abdominal organs have the least protection by the skeletal system
#12 What does Fallen Arches mean?
A weakening of the tendons and ligaments of the foot

26. #10 Label the parts of the pelvis and determine if the pelvis is male or female
This Pelvis is MALE, because the Acetabula are close together the pubic arch is less than 90 degrees the sacrum is narrow and the pelvic inlet is heart shaped

27. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The thigh has one bone
Femur
The heaviest, strongest bone in the body

28. Bones of the Lower Limbs
Figure 5.25a–b

29. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The lower leg has two bones
Tibia
Shinbone
Larger and medially oriented
Fibula
Thin and sticklike

30. Bones of the Lower Limbs
Figure 5.25c

31. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The foot
Tarsals
Two largest tarsals
Calcaneus (heelbone)
Talus
Metatarsals—sole
Phalanges—toes

32. Bones of the Lower Limb
The foot supports body weight and acts as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running
Figure 5.26