1. Wednesday, September 3 rd and Thursday, 4 th 10 th Literature  Turn in Grammar Pre-tests  Notes on Symbols  Read “Masque of the Read Death” on own Page 78 in the blue lit book  In your base groups, complete the worksheet on this short story  Seating Charts/Base Groups  Winter Survival Activity  Exchange Information  Standard 2 & 3

2. Symbolism Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Symbolism can take different forms. Generally, it is an object representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant. Symbols do shift their meanings depending on the context they are used in. “A chain”, for example, may stand for “union” as well as “imprisonment”. Thus, symbolic meaning of an object or an action is understood by when, where and how it is used. It also depends on who reads them.

3. Common Examples of Symbolism in Everyday Life In our daily life, we can easily identify objects, which can be taken as examples of symbol such as the following: The dove is a symbol of peace. A red rose or red color stands for love or romance. Black is a symbol that represents evil or death. A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between the heaven and the earth. A broken mirror may symbolize separation

4. Symbolism continued Examples of Symbolism in Literature To develop symbolism in his work, a writer utilizes other figures of speech, like metaphors, similes, allegory, as tools. Some symbol examples in literature are listed below with brief analysis:allegory Example: We find symbolic value in Shakespeare’s famous monologue in his play As you Like It: “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts,” The above lines are symbolic of the fact that men and women, in course of their life perform different roles. “A stage” here symbolizes the world and “players” is a symbol for human beings. these lines symbolically refer to their life cycle and their yearning for a never-ending life.

5. Symbolism continued Function of Symbolism Symbolism gives a writer freedom to add double levels of meanings to his work: a literal one that is self-evident and the symbolic one whose meaning is far more profound than the literal one. The symbolism, therefore, gives universality to the characters and the themes of a piece of literature. Symbolism in literature evokes interest in readers as they find an opportunity to get an insight of the writer’s mind on how he views the world and how he thinks of common objects and actions, having broader implications.

6. Allegory Definition of Allegory Allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events. It can be employed to tell a story with a purpose of teaching an idea and a principle or explaining an idea or a principle. The objective of its use is to preach some kind of a moral lesson. Difference between Allegory and Symbolism Although an allegory uses symbols, it is different from symbolism. An allegory is a complete narrative, which involves characters, and events that stand for an abstract idea or an event. A symbol, on the other hand, is an object that stands for another object giving it a particular meaning. Unlike allegory, symbolism does not tell a story.

7. Allegory continued Examples of Allegory in Literature Below are some famous examples of Allegory in Literature: 1. “Animal Farm”, written by George Orwell, is an allegory that uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist Revolution of Russia before WW II. The actions of the animals on the farm are used to expose the greed and corruption of the revolution. It also describes how powerful people can change the ideology of a society. One of the cardinal rules on the farm for the animals is: “All animals are equal but a few are more equal than others.”

8. Allegory continued Function of Allegory to add different layers of meanings to their works. It makes their stories and characters multidimensional, so that they stand for something larger in meaning than what they literally stand for. Allegory allows writers to put forward their moral and political point of views.

9.  Allusion

10. Wednesday, September 3 rd and Thursday, September 4 th : Day 7 10 th Literature and Composition  Standards:

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