1. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Cancer
NCI Web site:

2. What are some different kinds of cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Bloodstream
Lung
Breast (women)
Colon
Bladder
Prostate (men)
Lymph nodes
Fat
Bone
Muscle
NCI Web site:

3. How are Normal and Cancer Cell Division Different?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Normal cell division
Cancer cell division
NCI Web site:

4. How are normal and cancer growth different?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Student version only
NCI Web site:

5. What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Benign
Malignant
Time
NCI Web site:

6. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Why are malignant tumors dangerous?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

7. What is cancer screening? Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

8. Why is cancer screening important?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

9. What are some types of cancer screening?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

10. How is cancer diagnosed? Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

11. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
What is a biopsy?
How is the biopsy analyzed?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

12. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
What does a pathologist look for examining biopsy tissue?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

13. What does a pathologist look for when he examines biopsy tissue with a microscope?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia)
Mild dysplasia
Cancer (invasive)
Hyperplasia
Normal
NCI Web site:

14. What is the relationship between tumor grade and patient prognosis?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Low grade
I or II
Patient
Survival
Rate
High grade
III or IV
Years
NCI Web site:

15. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
What does Stage III cancer mean?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Five-Year Survival Rates for Patients with Melanoma (by stage)
Stage III Cancer
100%
50% I II
III
Stage at Time of Initial Diagnosis
NCI Web site:

16. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
What Causes Cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

17. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
How could you explain the differences in the cancer incidence in different countries?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

18. Is the incidence of these cancers due to genes, behavior, or environmental risk?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Colon Cancer
Stomach Cancer
100 50 5
100 70 7
Japan
Japanese families in U.S.
U.S.
Japan
Japanese families in U.S.
U.S.
NCI Web site:

19. What increases peoples’ risk of cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Sunshine
X-ray
NCI Web site:

20. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
How do you know if you have genes that make getting cancer more likely?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Genetic Testing
NCI Web site:

21. What happens to genes to cause cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

22. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
How do mutations in oncogenes
lead to cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Growth factor
Receptor
Signaling enzymes
Transcription factors
Cell nucleus
DNA
Cell proliferation
NCI Web site:

23. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics Tumor Suppressor Gene Proteins
How do mutations in tumor suppressor
genes lead to cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Tumor Suppressor Gene Proteins
Signaling
enzymes
Transcription factors
DNA
Cell proliferation
NCI Web site:

24. How do mutations in the p53 gene lead to cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

25. How do mutations in DNA Repair Genes cause cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

26. What other kinds of mutations can lead to cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Genes Implicated in Cancer
NCI Web site:

27. Why does cancer risk increase with age?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Colon
Breast
Risk
Age
NCI Web site:

28. What can people do to prevent cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

29. Does industrial pollution cause cancer?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

30. Is There a Cancer "Epidemic"? Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
NCI Web site:

31. Understanding Cancer and Related Topics each of these questions?
National Cancer Institute
Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
How would you answer
each of these questions?
NCI Web site: