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Waves in a 2D Dusty Plasma Crystal

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Presentation on theme: "Waves in a 2D Dusty Plasma Crystal"— Presentation transcript:

1 Waves in a 2D Dusty Plasma Crystal
J. Goree S. Nunomura, V. Nosenko Univ. of Iowa Work supported by DOE, NASA, NSF

2 What is a dusty plasma? electrons + ions = plasma small particle of solid matter absorbs electrons and ions Debye shielding becomes negatively charged

3 Who cares about dusty plasmas?
Solar system Rings of Saturn Comet tails Manufacturing Particle contamination (Si wafer processing) Nanomaterial synthesis Basic physics Coulomb crystals Waves

4 Dusty plasma publications in APS & AIP journals
80 160 9 months data in 1999

5 Experimental conditions
Polymer microspheres diameter 8.69 ± 0.17 mm Gas Ar, 15 mTorr RF plasma capacitively-coupled 13.56 MHz 20 W Te = 2.6 eV ni = 1.27´1015 m-3

6 Modified GEC chamber top-view Big upper window, no upper electrode
camera laser illumination side-view Big upper window, no upper electrode vacuum chamber

7 Forces Acting on a Particle
Coulomb trapping potential inter-particle µ particle radius1 Radiation pressure from laser beam µ particle radius3 Gravity µ particle radius3 Laser manipulation of particles = push the particles with an Ar laser beam

8 Electrostatic trapping of particles
Equipotential contours electrode positive potential Without gravity, particles fill 3-D volume QE mg With gravity, particles sediment to high-field region Þ 2-D layer

9 Particle confinement Particles repel each other
External confinement by natural electric fields present in plasma

10 Laboratory results: monolayer with 19 particles view from top camera

11 Laboratory results: monolayer with 948 particles particles
triangulation view from top camera

12 Laboratory results: monolayer with many particles
triangular (hexagonal) lattice separation a < 1 mm

13 Compressional and shear waves

14 Dispersion relation (phonon spectrum)
Theory for a triangular lattice, q = 0° Wang, Bhattacharjee, Hu (2000) wavenumber ka/p Frequency w/w0 w/k = shear sound speed w/k = compressional sound speed compressional shear w02 = Q2 / 4pe0 m a3

15 Compressional & shear waves
The shear wave is: slow propagates only in a solid The compressional wave is: fast propagates in solids & liquids

16 Here, we show two kinds of experiments
Pulse propagation Sine wave excitation

17 Data analysis method Get top view images of the lattice
Determine particle positions Trace particle orbits Calculate particle velocity, number density

18 Particle Manipulation with Ar laser

19 Velocity map for pulse propagation
LASER EXCITATION

20 Dispersion relations for sinusoidal excitation
Experiment: S.Nunomura et al. PRL 2001 Theory: Wang et al. PRL 2001 Compressional wave Shear wave

21 Summary 2D plasma crystals Laser manipulation of particles
Excite shear wave & compressional waves Measure dispersion relation, compare to theory

22 Experimental setup

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