2.  The ‘Seveso’ is the major accident happened in Italy in 1976.  Prompted the adoption of legislation aimed at the prevention and control of such accidents.

3. The aim is two-fold;  Firstly, the prevention of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances.  Secondly, as the accidents do continue to occur, the aim that the limitation of the consequences of such accidents not only for man but also the environment.

5. To form a method of risk assesment

6.  Both industrial activities as well as the storage of dangerous chemicals  Provides 3 levels of proportionate controls; 1) Less than the lower treshold level 2) Above the lower treshold level 3) Above the upper treshold level

7.  Nuclear Safety  Transport of Dangerous Substances  Intermediate Temporary Storage Outside Establishment  Transport of Dangerous Substances by Pipelines

8.  Control measures aimed at the prevention of major accidents  Control measures aimed at the limitation consequences of major accidents

9.  Managerial and organizational methods in general and in particular or in significant changes of industrial practice to relating to risk management which have occured to past ten years

10.  Internal  External

11.  Siting of new establishment  Modifications to existing establishments  New developments such as transport links  Locations frequented by the public and residental areas in the vicinity of existing establishments

12.  Passive Information  Active Information

13.  Member States have the obligation to report major accidents to the Comission.  The Comission has established a so- called Major-Accident Reporting System (MARS) and the Comminity Documentation Centre on Industrial Risks (CDCIR)

14.  Organise an Inspection System which can either consist of a systematic appraisal of each establishment or of at least one on-site inspection per year.

15.  Tupras Refinery at Izmit in 08/17/1999  OSTIM Explosions Tupras RefineryOSTIM Explosions

16. Greenhouse gases;  CO 2  CH 4  N 2 O  F-gases

17. 1.Eliminate/Minimize Fugitive Emissions 2.Capture and Re-insert Waste/Vent Gas(Methane) 3.Improve Combustion Efficiency 4.Improve Process Efficiency