1. Elyse Sincler Ferris State University NURS 450

2.  Learn about the issue of antibiotic overuse and how it is related to superbugs.  Identify 2 relevant theories related to antibiotic overuse and superbugs.  Learn how antibiotic overuse is relevant to nursing  Walk through a Root Cause Analysis  Look at inferences and implications of antibiotic overuse  Identify quality and safety improvements using the ANA standards and QUSEN competencies

3.  Penicillins  Cephalosporins  Tetracyclines  Macrolides  Aminoglycosides  Fluroquinolones  Sulfonamides  Miscellaneous

4.  Effects of antibiotic over use  What does it mean to be antibiotic resistant  Clostridium difficile  Nosocomial infections  What the numbers show  Number of people who contract antibiotic resistant bacteria  Number of people who die  Increase in cost

5.  Rate that antibiotics are created compared to the rate of resistance in bacteria  From the CDC  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r IfvLp1YHmE

6.  Clostridium difficile  MRSA – Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus  VISA – Vancomycin intermediate resistant staphyloccus aureus  VRE – Vancomycin resistant enterococci  ESBL – Extended spectrum beta lactamases  CRE – Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae  Erythromycin resistant staphylococcus aureus  Clindamycin resistatnt staphylococcus aureus  Strephtococcus Pneumoniae – drug resistatn  Myobacterium tuberculosis  Neisseria gonorrhoeae – drug resistant  AND MANY MORE!

7.  Nursing Theory  Florence Nightingale – Environmental Theory  Psychology  Maslow Hierarchy of needs

8. Jamie Robinson a 83 year old women went into see her primary care physician after not felling well for a few days. She complained of fever, sore throat, head and body aches. After a brief exam by the physician she was diagnosed with strep throat, prescribed Penicillin, and sent home. A few days later, Jamie still not feeling better called the office requesting another antibiotic. The physician authorized a script for cephalexin, but just a few days later Jamie called the office a second time still having symptoms, and she was prescribed Biaxin. Four days after starting the third antibiotic and over a week after starting the first Jamie went into the emergency room with complaints of frequent watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever for over a day. Jamie was diagnosed with Clostridium difficile and was admitted due to extreme dehydration. A strep test while in the emergency room came back negative. Two days later Jamie passed away.

10.  Fighting against antimicrobial resistance  Prevention  Education  Monitor  Collaboration  People at high risk  Get Smart Program  Safety

11.  American Nurses Association  Standard 1  Assessment  Standard 8  Education  Standard 13  Collaboration  QSEN  Teamwork and Collaboration  Quality improvement  Evidence Based Practice

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